Atmospheric bulk deposition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Shanghai: Temporal and spatial variation, and global comparison

Feng, Daolun; Li, Ying; Gao, Yi; Zhou, Jinxing; Zheng, Lirong; Qiao, Gang; Ma, Liming; Zhao, Lin; Grathwohl, Peter

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2017.07.022

Cited by 26 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…The difference between Ladove and Starolesnianske Pleso, both situated in the same region could be related to orographic and hydrological characteristics of the latter that enhanced the PAH inputs and accumulation in Staroleniasnke Pleso sediments. This would explain the high concentration of PAHs found in this site in comparison with other lakes from the same area (Fernández et al, 1999(Fernández et al, , 2000. Another possibility for these differences could be related to a decrease in PAH atmospheric concentrations in this region during the last decades.…”

Section: Atmospheric Pah Deposition and Lacustrine Sedimentary Fluxesmentioning

confidence: 74%

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Drivers of atmospheric deposition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons at European high-altitude sites

et al. 2018

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Abstract. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analysed in bulk atmospheric deposition samples collected at four European high-mountain areas, Gossenköllesee (Tyrolean Alps), Redon (Central Pyrenees), Skalnate Pleso (High Tatra Mountains), and Lochnagar (Grampian Mountains) between 2004 and 2006. Sample collection was performed monthly in the first three sites and biweekly in Lochnagar. The number of sites, period of study and sampling frequency provide the most comprehensive description of PAH fallout in high mountain areas addressed so far. The average PAH deposition fluxes in Gossenköllesee, Redon and Lochnagar ranged between 0.8 and 2.1 µg m−2 month−1, and in Skalnate Pleso it was 9.7 µg m−2 month−1, showing the influence of substantial inputs from regional emission sources. The deposited distributions of PAHs were dominated by parent phenanthrene, fluoranthene and pyrene, representing 32 %–60 % of the total. The proportion of phenanthrene, the most abundant compound, was higher at the sites of lower temperature, Gossenköllesee and Skalnate Pleso, showing higher transfer from gas phase to particles of the more volatile PAHs. The sites with lower insolation, e.g. those located at lower altitude, were those with a higher proportion of photooxidable compounds such as benz[a]anthracene. According to the data analysed, precipitation is the main driver of PAH fallout. However, when rain and snow deposition were low, particle settling also constituted an efficient driver for PAH deposition. Redon and Lochnagar were the two sites receiving the highest amounts of rain and snow and the fallout of PAH fluxes was related to this precipitation. No significant association was observed between long-range backward air trajectories and PAH deposition in Lochnagar, but in Redon PAH fallout at higher precipitation was essentially related to air masses originating from the North Atlantic, which were dominant between November and May (cold season). In these cases, particle-normalised PAH fallout was also associated with higher precipitation as these air masses were concurrent with lower temperatures, which enhanced gas to particle partitioning transfer. In the warm season (June–October), most of the air masses arriving at Redon originated from the south and particle deposition was enhanced as consequence of Saharan inputs. In these cases, particle settling was also a driver of PAH deposition despite the low overall PAH content of the Saharan particles. In Gossenköllesee, the site receiving lowest precipitation, PAH fallout was also related to particle deposition. The particle-normalised PAH fluxes were significantly negatively correlated to temperature, e.g. for air masses originating from central and eastern Europe, showing a dominant transfer from gas phase to particles at lower temperatures, which enhanced PAH fallout, mainly of the most volatile hydrocarbons. Comparison of PAH atmospheric deposition and lacustrine sedimentary fluxes showed much higher values in the latter case of 24–100 µg m−2 yr−1 vs. 120–3000 µg m−2 yr−1. A strong significant correlation was observed between these two fluxes, which is consistent with a dominant origin related to atmospheric deposition at each site.

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Section: Atmospheric Pah Deposition and Lacustrine Sedimentary Fluxesmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…Data were acquired in electron impact and selective ion monitoring modes. Further details on the ions selected for quantification and mass spectrometric conditions are reported elsewhere (Fernández et al, 1999).…”

Section: Instrumental Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Drivers of atmospheric deposition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons at European high-altitude sites

et al. 2018

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“…Previous findings also revealed that the atmospheric deposition is damaging the monumental sculpture, which (Baker and Jickells, 2017;Corella et al, 2017;Feng et al, 2017;Krmar et al, 2017;Liang et al, 2017;Nanus et al, 2017;Omrani et al, 2017;Risch et al, 2017;Shelley et al, 2017;Tian et al, 2017;Yu et al, 2017), which need to bee protected from damage and loss due to atmospheric deposition.…”

Section: Lead Sculptures Conservationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric deposition: Effects on sculptures

Int¹

2019

Preprint

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Public concern over the deleterious effects of atmospheric deposition (AD) has grown rapidly due to its adverse effects (teratogenicity, toxicity, and carcinogenicity) to human, animals, and materials. The aim of this review is to describe the effect of the AD on sculptures, measures for its reduction, and case studies on maintenances of sculptures against the AD. To this end, a step-by-step review is outlined to discuss the harmful effect of AD contamination on many important sculptures. The review paper is also extended to describe preventive steps to reduce AD on sculptures to help reduce the risks associated with AD.

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“…There are some studies carried out in quantifying bulk atmospheric deposition of PAHs, PCBs and OCPs experimentally in Europe (e.g. Arellano et al 2015; Brorström-Lundén et al 1994; Carrera et al 2002; Jakobi et al 2015), while additional data are available for other regions, for example the USA (Schifman and Boving 2015), China (Feng et al 2017) and the global oceans (González-Gaya et al 2016). Moreover, additional data for wet deposition and washout ratios are available for Europe (Shahpoury et al 2015; Škrdlíková et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bulk atmospheric deposition of persistent organic pollutants and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Central Europe

Nežiková

Degrendele

Čupr

et al. 2019

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are ubiquitous and toxic contaminants. Their atmospheric deposition fluxes on the regional scale were quantified based on simultaneous sampling during 1 to 5 years at 1 to 6 background/rural sites in the Czech Republic and Austria. The samples were extracted and analysed by means of gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. For all seasons and sites, total deposition fluxes for Σ 15 PAHs ranged 23–1100 ng m −2 d −1 , while those for Σ6PCBs and Σ12OCPs ranged 64–4400 and 410–7800 pg m −2 d −1 , respectively. Fluoranthene and pyrene were the main contributors to the PAH deposition fluxes, accounting on average for 19% each, while deposition fluxes of PCBs and OCPs were dominated by PCB153 (26%) and γ -hexachlorobenzene (30%), respectively. The highest deposition flux of Σ 15 PAHs was generally found in spring, while no seasonality was found for PCB deposition. For deposition fluxes for Σ 12 OCPs, no clear spatial trend was found, confirming the perception of long-lived regional pollutants. Although most OCPs and PCBs hardly partition to the particulate phase in ambient air, on average, 42% of their deposition fluxes were found on filters, confirming the perception that particle deposition is more efficient than dry gaseous deposition. Due to methodological constraints, fluxes derived from bulk deposition samplers should be understood as lower estimates, in particular with regard to those substances which in ambient aerosols mostly partition to the particulate phase. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1007/s11356-019-05464-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Atmospheric bulk deposition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Shanghai: Temporal and spatial variation, and global comparison

Cited by 26 publications

References 63 publications

Drivers of atmospheric deposition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons at European high-altitude sites

Drivers of atmospheric deposition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons at European high-altitude sites

Atmospheric deposition: Effects on sculptures

Bulk atmospheric deposition of persistent organic pollutants and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Central Europe

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