Atmospheric chemistry: China’s choking cocktail

Kulmala, Markku

doi:10.1038/526497a

Cited by 89 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Atmospheric particulate matters (PMs) are of great concern because of their impacts on human health, air quality, climate change, and visibility (Kulmala, 2015;Yang et al, 2013). Nitrogenous compounds, as important constituents of PM, can be classed into two categories: inorganic nitrogen (IN) and organic nitrogen (ON) (Ho et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Soluble Organic Nitrogen (WSON) in Ambient Fine Particles Over a Megacity in South China: Spatiotemporal Variations and Source Apportionment

Zhu

et al. 2017

JGR Atmospheres

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Organic nitrogen aerosols are complex mixtures and important compositions in ambient fine particulate matters (PM2.5), yet their sources and spatiotemporal patterns are not well understood particularly in regions influenced by intensive human activities. In this study, filter‐based ambient PM2.5 samples at four stations (one urban, two rural, plus one urban roadside) and PM samples from combustion sources (vehicle exhaust, ship emission, and biomass burning) were collected in the coastal megacity Guangzhou, south China, for determining water soluble organic nitrogen (WSON) along with other organic and inorganic species. The annual average WSON concentrations, as well as the ratios of WSON to water soluble total nitrogen, were all significantly higher at rural sites than urban sites. Average WSON concentrations at the four sites during the wet season were quite near each other, ranging from 0.41 to 0.49 μg/m3; however, they became 2 times higher at the rural sites than at the urban sites during the dry season. Five major sources for WSON were identified through positive matrix factorization analysis. Vehicle emission (29.3%), biomass burning (22.8%), and secondary formation (20.2%) were three dominant sources of WSON at the urban station, while vehicle emission (45.4%) and dust (28.6%) were two dominant sources at the urban roadside station. At the two rural sites biomass burning (51.1% and 34.1%, respectively) and secondary formation (17.8% and 30.5%, respectively) were dominant sources of WSON. Ship emission contributed 8–12% of WSON at the four sites. Natural vegetation seemed to have very minor contribution to WSON.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Water Soluble Organic Nitrogen (WSON) in Ambient Fine Particles Over a Megacity in South China: Spatiotemporal Variations and Source Apportionment

Zhu

et al. 2017

JGR Atmospheres

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“…Furthermore, atmospheric pollutants and oxidants play a central role in climate change dynamics via their direct and indirect effects on global albedo and radiative transfer. A deeper understanding of the unpredicted chemical reactions between pollutants and identification of the most relevant feedbacks between air quality and climate at northern high latitudes and in China is the most urgent task helping us to find practical solutions for more healthy air (Kulmala, 2015).…”

Section: Urban Air Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Pan-Eurasian Experiment (PEEX): towards a holistic understanding of the feedbacks and interactions in the land–atmosphere–ocean–society continuum in the northern Eurasian region

et al. 2016

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Abstract. The northern Eurasian regions and Arctic Ocean will very likely undergo substantial changes during the next decades. The Arctic-boreal natural environments play a crucial role in the global climate via albedo change, carbon sources and sinks as well as atmospheric aerosol production from biogenic volatile organic compounds. Furthermore, it is expected that global trade activities, demographic movement, and use of natural resources will be increasing in the Arctic regions. There is a need for a novel research approach, which not only identifies and tackles the relevant multi-disciplinary research questions, but also is able to make a holistic system analysis of the expected feedbacks. In this paper, we introduce the research agenda of the Pan-Eurasian Experiment (PEEX), a multi-scale, multi-disciplinary and international program started in 2012 (https://www.atm.helsinki.fi/peex/). PEEX sets a research approach by which large-scale research topics are investigated from a system perspective and which aims to fill the key gaps in our understanding of the feedbacks and interactions between the land-atmosphereaquatic-society continuum in the northern Eurasian region. We introduce here the state of the art for the key topics in the PEEX research agenda and present the future prospects of the research, which we see relevant in this context.

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“…At present, atmospheric air pollution in China threatens the health of hundreds of millions of people (e.g. Kulmala, 2015;Lelieveld, Evans, Fnais, Giannadaki, & Pozzer, 2015;Maji, Dikshit, Arora, & Deshpande, 2018). In addition, it causes major problems to the environment and economy as a whole by decreasing, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the wider context, these regional air pollution processes relate significantly to the global-scale air quality-climate interactions, atmospheric circulation dynamics and extreme weather events. The atmospheric concentrations of primary and secondary pollutants in China are 10 to 100 times (sometimes even 1000 times) higher than currently in Europe or North America (Kulmala, 2015). The complex feedbacks related to air quality may influence and generate elements that have remediation in the Earth System level.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Silk Road agenda of the Pan-Eurasian Experiment (PEEX) program

et al. 2018

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The Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road (B&R) aims at facilitating the twenty-first Century economic development of China. However, climate change, air quality and related feedbacks are affecting the successful development of the environment and societies in the B&R geographical domain. The most urgent risks related to the atmospheric system, to the land system and to hydrospheric and cryospheric processes are changing climate -air quality interactions, air pollution, changing monsoon dynamics, land degradation, and the melting of Tibetan Plateau glaciers. A framework is needed in which a science and technology-based approach has the critical mass and expertise to identify the main steps toward solutions and is capable to implement this roadmap. The Pan-Eurasian Experiment (PEEX) program, initiated in 2012, aims to resolve science, technology and sustainability questions in the Northern Eurasian region. PEEX is now identifying its science agenda for the B&R region. One fundamental element of the PEEX research agenda is the availability of comprehensive ground-based observations together with Earth observation data. PEEX complements the recently launched international scientific program called Digital Belt and Road (DBAR). PEEX has expertise to coordinate the ground-based observations and initiate new flagship stations, while DBAR provides a big data platform on Earth observation from China and countries along the Belt and Road region. The DBAR and PEEX have joint interests and synergy expertise on monitoring on ecological environment, urbanization, cultural heritages, coastal zones, and arctic cold regions supporting

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Atmospheric chemistry: China’s choking cocktail

Cited by 89 publications

References 9 publications

Water Soluble Organic Nitrogen (WSON) in Ambient Fine Particles Over a Megacity in South China: Spatiotemporal Variations and Source Apportionment

Water Soluble Organic Nitrogen (WSON) in Ambient Fine Particles Over a Megacity in South China: Spatiotemporal Variations and Source Apportionment

Pan-Eurasian Experiment (PEEX): towards a holistic understanding of the feedbacks and interactions in the land–atmosphere–ocean–society continuum in the northern Eurasian region

The Silk Road agenda of the Pan-Eurasian Experiment (PEEX) program

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