Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) observations of aerosol in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere from the Kasatochi volcanic eruption

Sioris, C. E.; Boone, C. D.; Bernath, P. F.; Zou, J.; McElroy, C. T.; McLinden, Chris A.

doi:10.1029/2009jd013469

Cited by 30 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…By September 2008, the CATH data shows a distinctively broader pattern spread over the 12 km to 19 km range initiated by the increase in aerosol as reported by Bourassa et al (2010) and Sioris et al (2010). In particular, the growth in the 15 km to 19 km distribution during September 2008 and October 2008 is likely to be due to the growth of stratospheric aerosol over a few weeks, as reported by Sioris et al (2010). By October 2008, the distribution becomes peaked at 15 km, a difference of 5 km compared to February 2008.…”

Section: Mipas Detection Of Mount Kasatochi Aerosolsmentioning

confidence: 65%

“…Using zonally-averaged aerosols extinctions from March 2008 (pre-eruption) to May 2009, they observed the development of a stable stratospheric aerosol layer from 15 km to 21 km from 4 weeks after the eruption over the mid-and high latitudes, with the stratospheric aerosol layer persisting until March 2009. Sioris et al (2010) similarly observed stratospheric aerosol enhancements over the same timescales using NIR extinction retrievals from the ACE-FTS instrument in which the aerosol enhancements were observed up to 19 km in the Northern Hemisphere.…”

Section: Mipas Detection Of Mount Kasatochi Aerosolsmentioning

confidence: 80%

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MIPAS detection of cloud and aerosol particle occurrence in the UTLS with comparison to HIRDLS and CALIOP

et al. 2012

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Abstract. Satellite infrared emission instruments require efficient systems that can separate and flag observations which are affected by clouds and aerosols. This paper investigates the identification of cloud and aerosols from infrared, limb sounding spectra that were recorded by the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS), a high spectral resolution Fourier transform spectrometer on the European Space Agency's (ESA) ENVISAT (Now inoperative since April 2012 due to loss of contact). Specifically, the performance of an existing cloud and aerosol particle detection method is simulated with a radiative transfer model in order to establish, for the first time, confident detection limits for particle presence in the atmosphere from MIPAS data. The newly established thresholds improve confidence in the ability to detect particle injection events, plume transport in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) and better characterise cloud distributions utilising MIPAS spectra. The method also provides a fast front-end detection system for the MIPClouds processor; a processor designed for the retrieval of macro-and microphysical cloud properties from the MIPAS data.It is shown that across much of the stratosphere, the threshold for the standard cloud index in band A is 5.0 although threshold values of over 6.0 occur in restricted regimes. Polar regions show a surprising degree of uncertainty at altitudes above 20 km, potentially due to changing stratospheric trace gas concentrations in polar vortex conditions and poor signal-to-noise due to cold atmospheric temperatures. The optimised thresholds of this study can be used for much of the time, but time/composition-dependent thresholds are recommended for MIPAS data for the strongly perturbed polar stratosphere. In the UT, a threshold of 5.0 applies at 12 km and above but decreases rapidly at lower altitudes. The new thresholds are shown to allow much more sensitive detection of particle distributions in the UTLS, with extinction detection limits above 13 km often better than 10 −4 km −1 , with values approaching 10 −5 km −1 in some cases.Comparisons of the new MIPAS results with cloud data from HIRDLS and CALIOP, outside of the poles, establish a good agreement in distributions (cloud and aerosol top heights and occurrence frequencies) with an offset between MIPAS and the other instruments of 0.5 km to 1 km between 12 km and 20 km, consistent with vertical oversampling of extended cloud layers within the MIPAS field of view. We conclude that infrared limb sounders provide a very consistent picture of particles in the UTLS, allowing detection limits which are consistent with the lidar observations. Investigations of MIPAS data for the Mount Kasatochi volcanic eruption on the Aleutian Islands and the Black Saturday fires in Australia are used to exemplify how useful MIPAS limb sounding data were for monitoring aerosol injections into the UTLS. It is shown that the new thresholds allowed such events to be much more effectively derived fro...

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Section: Mipas Detection Of Mount Kasatochi Aerosolsmentioning

confidence: 65%

Section: Mipas Detection Of Mount Kasatochi Aerosolsmentioning

confidence: 80%

MIPAS detection of cloud and aerosol particle occurrence in the UTLS with comparison to HIRDLS and CALIOP

et al. 2012

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“…13. It is worth noting here that aerosol extinction profiles observed after the Kasatochi volcanic eruption in September 2008 peak at about 17-18 km altitude with maximum values of about 0.003-0.004 km −1 , e.g., (Sioris et al, 2010a), which is somewhere between the solid cyan and dashed red curves in the plot.…”

Section: Stratospheric Aerosolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Retrieval of water vapor vertical distributions in the upper troposphere and the lower stratosphere from SCIAMACHY limb measurements

et al. 2011

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Abstract. This study describes the retrieval of water vapor vertical distributions in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) altitude range from space-borne observations of the scattered solar light made in limb viewing geometry. First results using measurements from SCIAMACHY (Scanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY) aboard ENVISAT (Environmental Satellite) are presented here. In previous publications, the retrieval of water vapor vertical distributions has been achieved exploiting either the emitted radiance leaving the atmosphere or the transmitted solar radiation. In this study, the scattered solar radiation is used as a new source of information on the water vapor content in the UTLS region. A recently developed retrieval algorithm utilizes the differential absorption structure of the water vapor in 1353-1410 nm spectral range and yields the water vapor content in the 11-25 km altitude range. In this study, the retrieval algorithm is successfully applied to SCIAMACHY limb measurements and the resulting water vapor profiles are compared to in situ balloon-borne observations. The results from both satellite and balloon-borne instruments are found to agree typically within 10 %.

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“…The final one degree shows a distortion of less than 4 %. An analysis was also performed to determine the minimum resolution required to achieve a modular transfer function (MTF) of 0.3 across the entire field of view for all wavelengths (Smith, 2000). To obtain the MTF across the entire field of view a 7-pixel running average is required.…”

Section: Instrument Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, solar occultation is generally a robust and stable technique as it directly measures atmospheric optical depth, along with the exoatmospheric solar spectrum with each scan, allowing for straightforward retrieval of aerosol extinction coefficient (Damadeo et al, 2013). The SAGE III mission came to an end in 2006 and the occultation measurements have continued from the currently operational MAESTRO and ACE-Imager instruments on SciSat (McElroy et al, 2007;Gilbert et al, 2007) and have had some success producing stratospheric aerosol extinction products (Vanhellemont et al, 2008;Sioris et al, 2010). Furthermore, a manifestation of SAGE III is planned for deployment on the International Space Station in 2016 (Cisewski et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Aerosol Limb Imager: acousto-optic imaging of limb-scattered sunlight for stratospheric aerosol profiling

et al. 2016

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Abstract. The Aerosol Limb Imager (ALI) is an optical remote sensing instrument designed to image scattered sunlight from the atmospheric limb. These measurements are used to retrieve spatially resolved information of the stratospheric aerosol distribution, including spectral extinction coefficient and particle size. Here we present the design, development and test results of an ALI prototype instrument. The longterm goal of this work is the eventual realization of ALI on a satellite platform in low earth orbit, where it can provide high spatial resolution observations, both in the vertical and cross-track. The instrument design uses a large-aperture acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) to image the sunlit stratospheric limb in a selectable narrow wavelength band ranging from the visible to the near infrared. The ALI prototype was tested on a stratospheric balloon flight from the Canadian Space Agency (CSA) launch facility in Timmins, Canada, in September 2014. Preliminary analysis of the hyperspectral images indicates that the radiance measurements are of high quality, and we have used these to retrieve vertical profiles of stratospheric aerosol extinction coefficient from 650 to 1000 nm, along with one moment of the particle size distribution. Those preliminary results are promising and development of a satellite prototype of ALI within the Canadian Space Agency is ongoing.

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Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment (ACE) observations of aerosol in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere from the Kasatochi volcanic eruption

Cited by 30 publications

References 30 publications

MIPAS detection of cloud and aerosol particle occurrence in the UTLS with comparison to HIRDLS and CALIOP

MIPAS detection of cloud and aerosol particle occurrence in the UTLS with comparison to HIRDLS and CALIOP

Retrieval of water vapor vertical distributions in the upper troposphere and the lower stratosphere from SCIAMACHY limb measurements

The Aerosol Limb Imager: acousto-optic imaging of limb-scattered sunlight for stratospheric aerosol profiling

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