Chlorinated Organic Micropollutants 1995
DOI: 10.1039/9781847550491-00053
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Atmospheric chemistry of PCBs, PCDDs and PCDFs

Abstract: Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) (see Figure 1) are emitted into the atmosphere from the combustion of chlorine-containing materials.-Additionally, PCBs, which were used as lubricants and dielectric fluids, are volatilized into the atmosphere from soils and bodies of water (for example, from the Great Lakes) after their disposal or inadvertent release into, and cycling through, the environment.-Atmospheric concentrations of PC… Show more

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Cited by 33 publications
(45 citation statements)
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“…The differing results of these approaches have been attributed to the fact that DFT can describe the effects of intramolecular chlorine substitution between two benzene rings and intermolecular chlorine substitution within one benzene ring more effectively [224]. The effect of chlorine positions in lateral (2,3,7,8) and non-lateral (1,4,6,9) sites on the enthalpy of formation has also been investigated. Numerical estimates for these factors have been derived to establish empirical formulas for entropies and enthalpies of formation as a function of the number of chlorine substituents, their positions and their interactions with each other [223].…”
Section: Thermochemical Parameters and Their Influence On Pcdd/f Formmentioning
confidence: 98%
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“…The differing results of these approaches have been attributed to the fact that DFT can describe the effects of intramolecular chlorine substitution between two benzene rings and intermolecular chlorine substitution within one benzene ring more effectively [224]. The effect of chlorine positions in lateral (2,3,7,8) and non-lateral (1,4,6,9) sites on the enthalpy of formation has also been investigated. Numerical estimates for these factors have been derived to establish empirical formulas for entropies and enthalpies of formation as a function of the number of chlorine substituents, their positions and their interactions with each other [223].…”
Section: Thermochemical Parameters and Their Influence On Pcdd/f Formmentioning
confidence: 98%
“…These involve combustion, municipal waste incineration (MWI), metal industries, bushfires and prescribed and uncontrolled burning [2,3]. Once emitted to the receiving environment, atmospheric transport moves them away from their emission sources to where they pollute water resources and enter the food chain [4].…”
Section: Introduction To Pcdd/fsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…13,15 It is well-known SCHEME 2: Mechanistic Diagram of the DF-OH(1) Reaction with Dioxygen where a negative temperature dependence has also been observed. The calculated rate constant is almost 20 times faster than that for benzene, 19,37 4 times faster than that of the toluene system, 38 only twice as fast as that of p-xylene, 23 and the same as that of phenol.…”
Section: Df-oh Adductsmentioning
confidence: 97%
“…W t , J,φ and E are total washout ratio, precipitation rate, particleassociated fraction of the component, and emission rate from sources at ground level respectively. W t is related to W g and W p , the washout ratios of gas and particle phases, (Atkinson, 1996) by:…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%