Atmospheric concentrations of nitric acid, sulfur dioxide, particulate nitrate and particulate sulfate, and estimation of their dry deposition on the urban- and mountain-facing sides of Mt. Gokurakuji, Western Japan

Chiwa, Masaaki; Kondo, Hiroaki; Ebihara, Naosuke; Sakugawa, Hiroshi

doi:10.1007/s10661-007-9873-1

Cited by 13 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…The occurrence level of SO 2 here was higher than the winter season average in Lahore (7.2 ppb), Pakistan (Biswas et al, 2008), Taichung (0.99 ± 0.34 ppb), Central Taiwan (Cheng and Horng, 2007), urban side of Mt. Gokurakuji (2.48 ppb) and HigashiHiroshima (2-12 ppb) in Japan (Chiwa et al, 2008;Tham et al, 2008), and were also much higher than those measued in surrounding places such as Tanah Rata (0.1 ppb) and Lawa Mandau (0.2 ppb) in Malaysia, and Bukit Kototabang (0.07 ppb) and Kalimantan (0.15 ppb) in Indonesia (Carmichael et al, 2003). Taichung, Mt.…”

Section: Occurrence Level Of No 2 and Somentioning

confidence: 63%

Comparison of NO2 and SO2 Measurements Using Different Passive Samplers in Tropical Environment

Balasubramanian

et al. 2014

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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This report describes the results of an inter-comparison study conducted for the sampling and analysis of NO 2 and SO 2 by using different type of passive samplers in tropical urban environment. For this purpose, field experiments were proposed to be conducted by two round robin tests from Sept. 2007 to Aug. 2008 in Singapore. A set of different types of passive samplers have been exposed to ambient air at atmospheric research station in National University of Singapore along with suitable active samplers (as reference method) for a sufficient period of time (3-4 weeks). Annular denuder system (ADS) active sampling data showed that NO 2 concentration level (23.8-28.1 ppb) in Singapore was slightly higher than the WHO guideline but SO 2 concentration (12.5-14.9 ppb) was approximately twice the value of WHO guideline. For the two round robin tests, accuracy analysis by using active sampling data as reference demonstrated that grand mean values from passive air sampling (PAS) and active sampler average concentrations, for both NO 2 and SO 2 , are in close agreement with each other. Precision evaluation based on the triplicate samplers co-located at the same sampling siteSingapore showed that most of the passive samplers applied here had repeatability. ANOVA statistical analysis also showed no significant difference between the measurement data obtained by different type of passive samplers for both round robin tests in Singapore.

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Section: Occurrence Level Of No 2 and Somentioning

confidence: 63%

Comparison of NO2 and SO2 Measurements Using Different Passive Samplers in Tropical Environment

Balasubramanian

et al. 2014

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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“…For example, the HNO 3 concentration was 0.6 µg N m −3 on the North China Plain [17], 0.34 µg N m −3 on an urban-facing site on Mt. Gokurakuji 0.09 µg N m −3 in Kobe city in Japan [27], [28], 0.59 µg N m −3 at Montelibretti in Italy and 0.60 µg N m −3 at Paterna in Spain [29]. Urumqi has some of the highest air pollution in China due to the large amounts of coal combustion for industrial development and residential heating resulting in high HNO 3 concentrations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition at Two Sites in an Arid Environment of Central Asia

Liu

Song

et al. 2013

PLoS ONE

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Arid areas play a significant role in the global nitrogen cycle. Dry and wet deposition of inorganic nitrogen (N) species were monitored at one urban (SDS) and one suburban (TFS) site at Urumqi in a semi-arid region of central Asia. Atmospheric concentrations of NH3, NO2, HNO3, particulate ammonium and nitrate (pNH4 + and pNO3 −) concentrations and NH4-N and NO3-N concentrations in precipitation showed large monthly variations and averaged 7.1, 26.6, 2.4, 6.6, 2.7 µg N m−3 and 1.3, 1.0 mg N L−1 at both SDS and TFS. Nitrogen dry deposition fluxes were 40.7 and 36.0 kg N ha−1 yr−1 while wet deposition of N fluxes were 6.0 and 8.8 kg N ha−1 yr−1 at SDS and TFS, respectively. Total N deposition averaged 45.8 kg N ha−1 yr−1at both sites. Our results indicate that N dry deposition has been a major part of total N deposition (83.8% on average) in an arid region of central Asia. Such high N deposition implies heavy environmental pollution and an important nutrient resource in arid regions.

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“…If inorganic ions in dew from pine needles are compared to those from urban‐ and mountain‐facing sites, concentrations of Cl − , NO 3 − , Na + , Mg 2+ , and Ca 2+ were higher at the urban‐facing site than those at the mountain‐facing site. This is caused by higher dry deposition rates of gaseous and particulate compounds and promoted leaching of Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ from the needles at the urban‐facing site than at the mountain‐facing site (Chiwa et al, 2003) because of higher concentrations of acidic gases of nitrogen and sulfur at the urban‐facing site (Naemura et al, 1997; Chiwa et al, 2008). Among organic acids measured in dew on pine needles, only formate exhibited a higher concentration at the urban‐facing site than that at the mountain‐facing site.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Concentrations of air pollutants such as NO x and SO 2 at Mt. Gokurakuji are higher at the urban‐facing sites than at the mountain‐facing sites (Naemura et al, 1997; Chiwa et al, 2008). Nitrogen and sulfate dry deposition and the subsequent total (wet + dry) N and S deposition are also higher at the urban‐facing site than at the mountain‐facing site (Chiwa et al, 2003).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic Acids and Aldehydes in Throughfall and Dew in a Japanese Pine Forest

et al. 2008

Self Cite

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We analyzed low molecular weight organic acids and aldehydes in throughfall under pine forest, and organic acids in dew on chemically inert surfaces and pine needle surfaces at urban- and mountain-facing sites of pine forest in western Japan. Low molecular weight organic acids and aldehydes accounted for less than 5% of the dissolved organic carbon in throughfall at both sites. Formaldehyde at both sites and formate at the mountain-facing site were found at significantly lower concentrations in throughfall than in rainfall, which may be explained by the degradation and/or retention of these components by the pine canopy as the incident precipitation passed through it. The oxalate concentration in throughfall was significantly higher than those in rainfall at both sites, suggesting that oxalate was derived from leaching from the pine foliage. At both sites, organic acid concentrations were higher in dew on the pine needles than in throughfall or dew on chemically inert surfaces. This could be due to the long contact time of dew on pine needles, during which leached substances from pine needles and dry deposits accumulated on their surfaces can dissolve into the small volume of dew. The role of enhanced concentrations of oxalate in an aqueous phase on the plant surfaces (e.g., dew) is discussed in relation to hydroxyl radical formation via the photo-Fenton reaction.

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Atmospheric concentrations of nitric acid, sulfur dioxide, particulate nitrate and particulate sulfate, and estimation of their dry deposition on the urban- and mountain-facing sides of Mt. Gokurakuji, Western Japan

Cited by 13 publications

References 69 publications

Comparison of NO2 and SO2 Measurements Using Different Passive Samplers in Tropical Environment

Comparison of NO2 and SO2 Measurements Using Different Passive Samplers in Tropical Environment

Atmospheric Nitrogen Deposition at Two Sites in an Arid Environment of Central Asia

Organic Acids and Aldehydes in Throughfall and Dew in a Japanese Pine Forest

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