Atmospheric corrosion of Cu by UV, ozone and NaCl

Lin, Huang; Frankel, G. S.

doi:10.1179/1743278213y.0000000104

Cited by 33 publications

(23 citation statements)

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“…Ag was first polarized in 0.1 M Na 2 S at −0.14 V MSE for 40 s to form an Ag 2 S film. The presence of a uniform black film on the Ag surface and XRD analysis confirmed formation of only acanthite, Ag 2 S. 20 This sample was then exposed to an environment with 5.5 ppm ozone, 3.5 mW/cm 2 UV and 90% RH for 68 h. The formation of Ag 2 SO 4 as well as a large amount of AgO and Ag 2 O was confirmed by XRD analysis after exposure of Ag/Ag 2 S in this aggressive environment, although the intensity of the sulfate peaks was much smaller than that of the oxides. 14, 18 The XRD spectrum for a bare Ag sample (with no deposited NaCl or preformed Ag 2 S) exposed to an environment of ozone and UV indicated the presence of only AgO and Ag 2 O.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…20 This suggests that one of the unknown plateaus could be due to reduction of silver sulfate. It will be shown below that the plateau at −0.08 V MSE is likely associated with silver sulfate reduction.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…14, 18 The XRD spectrum for a bare Ag sample (with no deposited NaCl or preformed Ag 2 S) exposed to an environment of ozone and UV indicated the presence of only AgO and Ag 2 O. 20 The reduction curve for this sample has only one reduction plateau at −0.15 V MSE, Figure 3. This indicates that AgO and Ag 2 O are reduced at the same potential in Na 2 SO 4 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of Ag Corrosion Products

Lin

Frankel

Abbott

2013

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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The corrosion behavior of Ag in outdoor environments and in a salt spray chamber was investigated. The coulometric reduction technique was applied to identify various silver corrosion products including Ag 2 SO 4 and AgO. These corrosion products were observed on samples exposed in certain field environments. A plateau in the coulometric reduction curve associated with metastable hydrogen evolution was observed under conditions in which a considerable amount of Ag 2 S was formed and reduced. Soluble silver chloride complexes were the dominant corrosion product, instead of insoluble AgCl, when the chloride deposition rate was high enough. Under those conditions, the corrosion rate measured by coulometric reduction is lower than the actual corrosion rate. Ag particles formed on the surface during exposure to different environments. During exposure in a marine environment, photodecomposition of AgCl corrosion product resulted in the formation of Ag nanoparticles embedded in AgCl. Isolated Ag particles of a few micrometers in size formed during exposure in a salt spray chamber due to the high exchange current density for the Ag/Ag + reaction. Ag is used in electronics applications, utensils, and decorative arts. Its corrosion behavior in indoor environments 1-3 and in lab chambers containing sulfur 4-11 has been studied. Ag 2 S is the main corrosion product and the kinetics of its formation rate usually are linear. The sulfidation rate of Ag increases as the concentration of H 2 S and carbonyl sulfide increase. Both of them generate HS − on the Ag surface in the presence of water and then HS − reacts with Ag to result in sulfidation.12 Therefore, humidity is critical for Ag sulfidation. The sulfidation rate stays low as long as the relative humidity (RH) is less than 35% but it increases significantly as the RH increases up to 95%. 6Recently it was reported that the corrosion rate of other metals such as carbon steel or aluminum alloys correlates with the concentration of atmospheric chlorides as assessed by the amount of AgCl formed on Ag.13 Ag has been used as an atmospheric corrosion monitor to measure environmental corrosivity, 13 which has attracted attention to the corrosion behavior of Ag in the field. Some interesting and maybe unique aspects of Ag outdoor corrosion have been reported. However, the details of how Ag corrodes in the field are not yet clear.Previous research shows that AgCl and Ag 2 S are the two most common corrosion products in the field, with AgCl usually dominating [14][15][16] except near a volcano with high emission of H 2 S where Ag 2 S is dominant.17 This might result from a higher deposition rate of chloride outdoors and is different than indoor exposure of Ag where Ag 2 S is more dominant than AgCl.12 Surprisingly, no AgCl was observed on the surface of Ag after exposure in an ASTM B117 salt spray chamber.14 One reason for studying the corrosion behavior of Ag is to clarify this discrepancy in behavior between field exposure and a supposedly accelerated laboratory test. Enhancing the...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of Ag Corrosion Products

Lin

Frankel

Abbott

2013

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…49,50 This is especially important in the case of finer aerosol which can be transported tens to hundreds of km inland, 51 and due to their longer atmospheric lifetime (hours to days), can exhibit drastically altered chemistry. 52 Although some of these complexities have been demonstrated to have significant impact on the atmospheric corrosion behavior of other alloy systems, 51,[53][54][55][56] their effect on the hygroscopic behavior of SSA as it relates to the corrosion response of mild steel remains a topic for future work.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Relative Humidity on Corrosion of Steel under Sea Salt Aerosol Proxies

Schindelholz

Risteen

Kelly

2014

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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This paper is the second of two that examines between the hygroscopic behavior of sea salt aerosol proxies and the atmospheric corrosion of mild steel contaminated with them. In this work, artificial seawater (ASW) and MgCl 2 were examined. The wetting and drying behavior of ASW was characterized by impedance measurements across an interdigitated electrode sensor. Steel coupons loaded with ASW and MgCl 2 microparticles were subjected to isohumidity exposures for up to 30 days. The resulting damage was quantified by optical profilometry. The corrosion chemistry that developed was identified using EDS and Raman spectroscopy. Together, the results bring into question whether sea salt-contaminated surfaces ever dry in ambient outdoor environments. Sustained corrosion was detectable down to 11% RH for MgCl 2 and 23% RH for ASW, with significant admittance of ASW deposits at <2% RH after 24 h, likely due to fluid trapping under a solid salt crust. Trends in corrosion loss versus RH were not directly reflective of the major liquid-solid phase transitions observed or predicted for ASW or MgCl 2 alone. In light of this, common time of wetness determination methods are contended to be fundamentally flawed as quantitative indicators of electrolyte presence and the potential for significant corrosion. This paper is the second of two that seek to further the understanding of the relationship between relative humidity, the hygroscopic behavior of soluble salts, and the corrosion response of mild steel surfaces contaminated with them. Part 1 considered NaCl as a proxy for sea salt aerosol (SSA) in order develop an understanding of a single salt system as the basis for examining more challenging and relevant environments.1 This paper extends the single salt work to MgCl 2 , often considered the dominating component of SSA with respect to low humidity (<50% RH) corrosion 2-4 and further extends the work to artificial seawater (ASW), which is representative of the inorganic components of natural seawater. The aims of this study were to: (1) quantitatively characterize the relationship between solid-liquid phase transitions of these salts and the corrosion response of steel contaminated with them in terms of RH, and (2) establish the RH and time frame under which there is sufficient electrolyte to cause corrosion. The understanding developed is used to assess the accuracy and appropriateness of the time of wetness parameter for describing corrosion of SSA-contaminated surfaces. The impact of these results on the design of accelerated test regimes and the interpretation of field exposure data are also discussed.To achieve these objectives, both the hygroscopic behavior of these sea salt proxies and the corrosion behavior associated with them were studied. The hygroscopic behavior of ASW microparticles was characterized using an interdigitated electrode (IDE) sensing method. Major solid-liquid transitions were characterized. The phases associated with these transitions were identified by ex-situ analyses of the dried seawater deposi...

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“…The atmospheric corrosion of Cu under UV irradiation has been studied by some researchers. Ultraviolet illumination had a significant accelerating effect on Cu corrosion when Cu is exposured in air a period of time [1]. That's mainly attributed to the active O atoms produced by O2 after UV irradiation [2].…”

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confidence: 99%

P‐6.2: Study of the Copper Corrosion by EUV and TMAH in Lithography Cleaning Process

Wang¹,

Sun²,

Gao³

et al. 2019

Symp Digest of Tech Papers

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In the display industry, when making Array substrates with Cu process, the cleaning treatment will cause the corrosion of the Cu film. Through process adjustment, this paper has obtained the method that can control the mura brought by Cu corrosion within the specification. The corrosion products were analyzed by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Energy Dispersive Spectrometer. Surface morphology after cleaning was studied by scanning electron microscopy. We confirmed that the main constituent of mura was Cu(OH)2, and EUV irradiation to convert Cu2O into CuO was the key, which provided a theoretical basis for thoroughly solving the related problem.

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Atmospheric corrosion of Cu by UV, ozone and NaCl

Cited by 33 publications

References 46 publications

Analysis of Ag Corrosion Products

Analysis of Ag Corrosion Products

Effect of Relative Humidity on Corrosion of Steel under Sea Salt Aerosol Proxies

P‐6.2: Study of the Copper Corrosion by EUV and TMAH in Lithography Cleaning Process

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