Atmospheric deposition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to a coastal site of Hong Kong, South China

Liu, Fobang; Yue, Xu; Liu, Junwen; Liu, Di; Li, Jun; Zhang, Gan; Li, Xiangdong; Zou, Shichun; Lai, Senchao

doi:10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.12.024

Cited by 65 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Because of the well-known carcinogenic and mutagenic properties of PAHs (Lee et al 1981;Williams 1990;Ravindra et al 2008;Tobiszewski and Namiesnik 2012) and the high toxicity and liability of heavy metals (Golomb et al 1997), an increasing number of research studies have commenced to determine the levels of PAHs (Liu et al 2013;Wang et al 2011;Yan et al 2012) and heavy metals Gunawardena et al 2013;Shi et al 2012) in atmospheric deposition. However, few studies have considered the simultaneous deposition of both atmospheric PAHs and heavy metals (Azimi et al 2005).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In urban areas, these pollutants have become a potential threat to human health and safety, and they have severely disturbed the natural geochemical cycling of ecosystems. Furthermore, metals and PAHs have a direct influence on public health because they can easily enter human bodies through routes such as dust ingestion, dermal contact, and breathing (Abrahams 2002;Liu et al 2013). …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…to terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems (Azimi et al 2003;Azimi et al 2005;Cao et al 2011;Wang et al 2011;Shi et al, 2012;Yan et al 2012;Gunawardena et al 2013;Liu et al 2013). Therefore, atmospheric deposition has currently garnered considerable attention from the scientific community and has become a specific research area in the environmental sciences.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Characterization, Distribution, and Source Analysis of Metals and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) of Atmospheric Bulk Deposition in Shanghai, China

Liang

HaiLan

et al. 2016

Water Air Soil Pollut

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The bulk deposition of both PAHs and metals is a significant, mounting issue for the urban ecological environment. However, studies generally performed on these pollutants have focused on the regions surrounding a pollution source; thus, it most likely overestimated pollutants in the cities. Therefore, 72 atmospheric bulk deposition samples were collected from six sites located along a transect from the suburbs to the city center in Shanghai over a 1-year period (February 1, 2012 to January 31, 2013). The seasonal variation, spatial distribution, and sources of multiple metals (Al, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Cd, Pb, K, Na, and Mg) and 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds were determined. The results indicated that the annual average rate of dust deposition in Shanghai was 43,100 ± 54,800 mg/ m 2 /year. There were significant or high enrichments of Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb, and higher depositional fluxes were observed for Zn, Pb, and Cd in the Huangpu district and for Cu in the Minhang district. The deposition fluxes of the PAHs exhibited the following order: urban fringe zone > city center > rural zone (background site). However, unlike in northern Chinese cities, the high-molecular-weight PAHs accounted for most of the PAHs. Furthermore, there were higher depositional fluxes of PAHs in March, July, and October. Overall, the factors influencing urban air quality may include construction, fossil fuel combustion, the abrasion of tires and brake linings (directly related to traffic), the corrosion of galvanized protection barriers, and increasing population density.

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Characterization, Distribution, and Source Analysis of Metals and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) of Atmospheric Bulk Deposition in Shanghai, China

Liang

HaiLan

et al. 2016

Water Air Soil Pollut

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“…PAHs in the atmosphere exist mainly in the form of vapors and particles, which can spread over a long distance and cause damage (Ben Hassine et al 2014;Schwarz et al 2011). A large part of these PAHs can be photochemically degraded or deposited into terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems through wet and dry deposition (Ahmed and Ismail 1999;Huang et al 2009;Liu et al 2013;Terzi and Samara 2005). The fate of PAHs can be generally attributed to adsorbing into aqueous systems (oceans, rivers and lakes) (González-Gaya et al 2014), suspending among atmospheric media (affixing in air particulate matter) (Schönbuchner et al 2001), and depositing onto terrestrial ecosystem (soil, forests) (Haritash and Kaushik 2009;Matzner 1984).…”

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confidence: 99%

Removal of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Precipitation in an Urban Forest of Guangzhou, South China

Chen

Pei

Huang

et al. 2015

Bull Environ Contam Toxicol

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Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations and fluxes were measured monthly in situ from rain events in an urban forest in the megapolitan city Guangzhou, China, to investigate impacts of forest canopy and soils on PAHs. Mean Σ9-PAH concentrations were 107.5, 101.6, 106.3, 107.1 and 42.4 ng L(-1) in precipitation, throughfall, seepage water at the 30 and 60 cm soil depth, and runoff, respectively, indicating a great decrease in the form of runoff. Meanwhile, annual fluxes of total PAHs decreased from precipitation (205.9 µg m(-2) year(-1)), to throughfall (156.3 µg m(-2) year(-1)), and to seepage water (65.3 µg m(-2) year(-1) at 30-cm soil depth and 7.5 µg m(-2) year(-1) at 60-cm soil depth), but increased in runoff (34.1 µg m(-2) year(-1)). When compared to precipitation, PAH fluxes decreased by 83.4% in runoff, with 29% contributed by forest canopy and 71% by soils. Soil biodegradation explained 18.2% of PAH reduction by the surface soil layer and 34.6% by the middle soil layer.

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“…Most studies on PAHs have been conducted in low-lying urban or rural areas around the world [13][14][15]. However, few studies have described PAH concentrations in PM2.5, especially concerning sandstorms and long-range transport at high mountain sites far from ground-level pollution sources.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Influence of Sandstorms and Long-Range Transport on Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in PM2.5 in the High-Altitude Atmosphere of Southern China

et al. 2015

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PM2.5 (Particulate Matter 2.5) samples were collected at Mount Heng and analyzed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). During sampling, a sandstorm from northern China struck Mount Heng and resulted in a mean PM2.5 concentration of 150.61 μg/m 3 , which greatly exceeded the concentration measured under normal conditions (no sandstorm: 58.50 μg/m 3 ). The average mass of PAHs in PM2.5 was 30.70 μg/g, which was much lower than in the non-sandstorm samples (80.80 μg/g). Therefore, the sandstorm increased particle levels but decreased PAH concentrations due to dilution and turbulence. During the sandstorm, the concentrations of 4-and 5-ring PAHs were below their detection limits, and 6-ring PAHs were the most abundant. Under normal conditions, the concentrations of 2-, 3-and 6-ring PAHs were higher, and 4-and 5-ring PAHs were lower relative to the other sampling sites. In general, the PAH contamination was low to medium at Mount Heng. Higher LMW (low molecular weight) concentrations were primarily linked to meteorological conditions, and higher HMW (high molecular weight) concentrations primarily resulted from long-range transport. Analysis of diagnostic ratios indicated that PM2.5 PAHs had been emitted during the combustion of coal, wood or petroleum. The transport characteristics and OPEN ACCESSAtmosphere 2015, 6 1634 origins of the PAHs were investigated using backwards Lagrangian particle dispersion modeling. Under normal conditions, the "footprint" retroplumes and potential source contributions of PAHs for the highest and lowest concentrations indicated that local sources had little effect. In contrast, long-range transport played a vital role in the levels of PM2.5 and PAHs in the high-altitude atmosphere.

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Atmospheric deposition of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to a coastal site of Hong Kong, South China

Cited by 65 publications

References 51 publications

Characterization, Distribution, and Source Analysis of Metals and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) of Atmospheric Bulk Deposition in Shanghai, China

Characterization, Distribution, and Source Analysis of Metals and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) of Atmospheric Bulk Deposition in Shanghai, China

Removal of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Precipitation in an Urban Forest of Guangzhou, South China

The Influence of Sandstorms and Long-Range Transport on Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in PM2.5 in the High-Altitude Atmosphere of Southern China

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