Atmospheric deposition of SO4–S and (NH4+NO3)–N at two rural sites in the Western Maracaibo Lake Basin, Venezuela

Morales, José; Bifano, Claudio; Escalona, Andrés

doi:10.1016/s1352-2310(97)00160-x

Cited by 22 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Air pollutants can cause adverse health effects (Gilli et al, 1988;Maynard, 2004;Pyne, 2002), loss of visibility through light scattering (Lee and Sequeira, 2002) and have the potential to cause other environmental damages (Morales et al, 1998). The effects of atmospheric aerosols depend on their size and chemical composition (Seinfeld and Pandis, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal and diurnal characteristics of water soluble inorganic compounds in the gas and aerosol phase in the Zurich area

et al. 2006

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Abstract. Gas and aerosol samples were taken using a wet effluent diffusion denuder/aerosol collector (WEDD/AC) coupled to ion chromatography (IC) in the city of Zurich, Switzerland from August to September 2002 and in March 2003. The water soluble inorganic anions nitrate, sulfate, and nitrite were analyzed online with a time resolution of two hours for the gas and aerosol phase. The fraction of water soluble inorganic anions in PM10 varied from 15% in August to about 38% in March. Seasonal and diurnal variations of nitrate in the gas and aerosol phase were observed with more than 50% of the total nitrate in the gas phase during August and more than 80% of nitrate in the aerosol phase during March, in the latter case exceeding the concentration of sulfate by a factor of 2. Aerosol sulfate, on the other hand, did not show significant variability with season. However, in the gas phase, the SO 2 concentration was 6.5 times higher in winter than in summer. Nitrous acid (HONO) also showed a diurnal variation in both the gas and aerosol phase with the lowest concentration (0.2-0.6 µg/m 3 ) in the afternoon. The mixing ratios of the primary pollutants, NO, CO and SO 2

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal and diurnal characteristics of water soluble inorganic compounds in the gas and aerosol phase in the Zurich area

et al. 2006

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“…Deposition (wet and dry) is one of the removal processes. It is well documented that deposition of nitrogen is one of the important sources of nitrogen input into the ecosystem (Manny and Owens, 1983;Lindberg et al, 1986;Morales et al, 1998;Zapletal, 1998). The major nitrogen species in the atmosphere exist in forms of ammonia gas (NH 3 ), nitrogen oxides (NO x ), ammonium ion (NH + 4 ), nitrate ion (NO − 3 ) and dissolved organic nitrogen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-year monitoring results of nitrate and ammonium wet deposition in Thailand

Paramee

Chidthaisong

Towprayoon

et al. 2005

Environ Monit Assess

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Wet deposition is one of the important sources of nitrogen input into the ecosystem. It also contributes to rain acidity in some environments. In this study we reported the annual as well as seasonal trends of nitrogen wet deposition at three locations in Thailand: Bangkok, Chiang Mai and Nan. Comparison of nitrogen wet deposition between in rural and in the urban areas was also made. Daily rainfall was measured and monthly rainwater was collected for nitrogen analysis during 1999-2002. The average NO3- concentration in rainwater collected from the rural sites (60 km from urban area) was around 0.2-0.3 mg L(-1), while that from the urban areas of Chiang Mai and Nan cities it was 0.4-0.5 mg L(-1). NH4+ concentration in rainwater showed the similar ranges to that of NO3-, except at Nan where concentration was not significantly different between the urban and rural sites. On the other hand, the average concentrations of NO3- were higher at Bangkok site than other sites, while concentration of NH4+ was almost the same between Chiang Mai and Bangkok. Wet deposition of NO3- at the rural sites of Chiang Mai and Nan ranged from 2.1 to 3.2 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1), while at the urban sites this ranged from about 6 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1) in Chiang Mai and Nan Cities to 8.6 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1) in Bangkok. Wet deposition of NH4+ at the rural sites of Chiang Mai and Nan was about 2.4 to 3.6 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1) and at the urban sites of Chiang Mai, Nan and Bangkok this was 7.7, 4.9 and 8.1 kg N ha(-1) yr(-1), respectively. Thus, it was concluded that wet deposition of both nitrogen species was significantly higher at the urban sites than at the rural sites.

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“…The pH of the precipitation in the studied plantation ranged from 3.54 to 4.52 (Table 4), a situation that is common in Northern Central Venezuela (where is located the sugar cane plantation) as a consequence of the high industrial (petrochemical and fertilizer production plants) and agricultural (crop fertilization and cattle raising) activities (Lewis and Weibezahn, 1981;Sequera et al, 1991;Morales et al, 1998) around the area. In the rest of Venezuela, precipitation is fairly acid (5.1-5.8) (Montes and San Jose, 1987;Lopez-Hernandez, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Phosphorus Biogeochemical Cycling in a Sugar Cane Agroecosystem

AMJAD¹

2012

American Journal of Agricultural and Biological Sciences

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The annual harvest of sugarcane plantations together with the burning of the crop before harvest, a common practice of management of sugarcane plantations in South America, leads to the loss of significant amounts of nutrients in those agroecosystems. Thus prescribed burning operations could progressively diminish the level of soil organic matter and increase nutrient deficiency in soils of sugar cane agrosystems. This study is an attempt to quantify the P distribution during the period of growth in a plantation of sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum) located near San Felipe, Yaracuy State, Central, Venezuela focusing on processes related to the cycling of the element as affected by burning operations. The work was performed in 4.5 ha experimental plots planted with the varieties Puerto Rico (PR) 1028 and Venezuela (V) 58-4. The principal flows of phosphorus, as well the quantities of this element in the soil-plant components were measured throughout the growing cycle of the crop (third ratoon). The inputs through precipitation (wet and dry) were high, that was associated with the intense agricultural (prescribed burning) and industrial activities occurring in the area. The annual balance for both varieties was negative (-17.31 and -23.63 kg ha -1 for V 58-4 and PR 1028, respectively). The negative budget is mainly due to the important amounts of P that are exported with the cane stems. The losses must be compensated through fertilization; nonetheless, preliminary results indicated no response to P dressing, suggesting that in the studied mollisols the internal processes e.g., Organic-P (Po) mineralization and P solubilization efficiently operate generating important available P levels. It was also found that the burning of the sugar cane plantation plays an important role in the recycling of phosphorus, since 25-28 % of the P requirements of the varieties are reincorporated into the soil from the ashes coming as bulk deposition.

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Atmospheric deposition of SO4–S and (NH4+NO3)–N at two rural sites in the Western Maracaibo Lake Basin, Venezuela

Cited by 22 publications

References 22 publications

Seasonal and diurnal characteristics of water soluble inorganic compounds in the gas and aerosol phase in the Zurich area

Seasonal and diurnal characteristics of water soluble inorganic compounds in the gas and aerosol phase in the Zurich area

Three-year monitoring results of nitrate and ammonium wet deposition in Thailand

Phosphorus Biogeochemical Cycling in a Sugar Cane Agroecosystem

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