Atmospheric dry and wet deposition of sulphur and nitrogen species and assessment of critical loads of acidic deposition exceedance in South Africa

Josipovic, Miroslav; Annegarn, Harold J.; Kneen, M.A.; Pienaar, Jacobus J.; Piketh, Stuart

doi:10.4102/sajs.v107i3/4.478

Cited by 29 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Nitrogen is considered to be an important source of nutrients in ecosystems, however, levels above a certain critical load, which depends on the specific ecosystem, can be considered to be contributing to pollution and eutrophication of the environment (Bobbink et al, 2010;Josipovic et al, 2011). We have calculated the total annual nitrogen wet deposition fluxes for the three sites, finding values of 7.01 kg N ha -1 yr -1 , 4.61 kg N ha -1 yr -1 , and 4.18 kg N ha -1 yr 1 respectively for Abidjan, Lamto and Korhogo.…”

Section: Nitrogenous Contributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The chemical characteristics of rainwater and wet atmospheric deposition fluxes at two urban sites and one rural site in Côte d’ Ivoire

Kassamba-Diaby

Galy‐Lacaux

Yoboue

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Abstract. In this study, we characterized the chemical composition of precipitation at three sites in Côte d'Ivoire representative of a south-north transect. Two urban sites have been selected in the framework of the Pollution and Health in Urban Areas (PASMU) project: one located in Abidjan in the coastal climate zone and the other located in Korhogo in the northern climate zone. The third site is the International Network to study Deposition and Atmospheric chemistry in Africa (INDAAF) rural site of Lamto representative of a wet savanna and located in the central climate zone. This work documents a three-year time period (2018–2020) with 221 samples, 239 samples and 143 samples which have been collected in Abidjan, Lamto and Korhogo, respectively. Annual and monthly VWM concentration of major ions (Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl-, NO3- SO42-, NH4+, HCOO-, CH3COO-, C2H5COO-, C2O42-) in rainwater have been calculated and were found to follow the following patterns: Ca2+> Cl-> Na+> NH4> SO42-> Tcarb > NO3-> Mg2+> HCOO- > CH3COO- > K+ > H+> C2O42-> C2H5COO- in Abidjan, NH4+ > HCOO- > Ca2+ > NO3-> CH3COO- >H+ > Cl- >Na+> SO42- > Mg2+ > K+ > Tcarb > C2O42- > C2H5COO- in Lamto and Ca2+ > NH4+ > Na+ > HCOO- > NO3- > Cl- > K+ > CH3COO- > SO42- > H+ > Mg2+ >Tcarb > C2O42- > C2H5COO- in Korhogo. The average pH values are respectively 5.76, 5.31, 5.57 for Abidjan, Lamto and Korhogo with a preponderance of mineral acidity at the urban sites representing respectively 69 % and 52 % of the total acidity contribution in Abidjan and Korhogo while the organic acidity is more important in Lamto representing 62 % of the total acidity contribution. Dry seasons contribute to 46 %, 74 % and 86 % to the total measured chemical content of precipitation respectively at Abidjan, Lamto and Korhogo. During dry seasons, Lamto and Korhogo rainfalls are more impacted by biomass burning source and continental air mass loaded in terrigenous compounds than Abidjan. Conversely, during wet seasons Abidjan rainfalls are more impacted by oceanic air mass from guinean gulf rich in sea salt than Lamto and Korhogo.

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Section: Nitrogenous Contributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The chemical characteristics of rainwater and wet atmospheric deposition fluxes at two urban sites and one rural site in Côte d’ Ivoire

Kassamba-Diaby

Galy‐Lacaux

Yoboue

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…The consumption of coal in human activities in form of wood, dung and crop residues for domestic energy at home also contributes to ambient SO 2 concentrations and adversely affect the children and adults who are exposed to high levels of this pollutant [39]. Sulfur oxide may create acidic forms of sulfuric and sulfurous as a result of presence vaporized water, then acid rain precipitation occurs [40]. On the other hand, the precipitated acid rain causes disturbance fresh water and vegetation on earth.…”

Section: Nitrogen Oxides and Sulfur Oxidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlation between Air Quality and Wastewater Pollution

Khalid¹

2021

Environmental Sustainability - Preparing for Tomorrow

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Recently, air pollution is a universal problematic concern which adversely affects global warming and more importantly human body systems. This chapter focuses on the importance of air quality, and indicates the negative effects of emissions originated from both municipal and industrial wastewaters to atmosphere. More importantly, the improvements in wastewater treatment plants to eliminate the crisis of emissions on environment and human health is also clarified. Urbanization and distribution of industrials in urban areas influence the air pollution via releasing pollutants and contaminants to environment. The pollutant emissions from wastewaters are volatile organic compounds, Greenhouse gases and other inorganic pollutants (heavy metals) which are causes to many reactions through atmosphere, then products detriment whole environment and living organisms including human. Moreover, contaminants are also released into air from influents of municipal wastewaters and they are considered as the main resources of most threatened infections in human and other animals. As conclusion, because of the persistently development urbanization and industrialization as the wastewater pollutant sources, the environmental technology regarding wastewater treatments must depend on prevention of emissions to air before thinking on cost and good quality effluents.

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“…However, a range of pressures detrimentally affect these natural landscapes, and especially freshwater ecosystems. These include expanding urbanisation; an increase in water abstraction and invasive species (Driver et al, 2012); a rapid increase in the release of pollutants to the environment from industrial emissions (Monna et al, 2006;Josipovic et al, 2011) including a continued reliance on fossil-fuels (Marais et al, 2019); ongoing use of DDT to control malarial vectors (Sereda and Meinhardt, 2005;Humphries, 2013); direct inputs to waters from acid mine drainage (Tutu et al, 2008;McCarthy, 2011) and agricultural practices. Freshwaters in southern Africa are therefore experiencing a period of unprecedented threat.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over 85% of all electricity generated in South Africa in 2016 was from coal (StatsSA, 2018) and there is a programme of large, coal-fired power station construction in the Highveld coalfields and in the Lephalale area of Limpopo province, near the border with Botswana. The scarcity of major combustion sources in other parts of the country results in strong spatial gradients of emissions from east to west and from north to south (Josipovic et al, 2011). However, deposition monitoring for fossilfuel associated contaminants is limited and so long-range transported pollution gradients are assumed to follow patterns in sulphur and nitrogen deposition modelling studies (Lamarque et al, 2013), which indicate highest deposition in the north-east, declining to the south and west.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural archives of long-range transported contamination at the remote lake Letšeng-la Letsie, Maloti Mountains, Lesotho

Milner

Fitchett

Langerman

et al. 2020

Science of The Total Environment

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Naturally accumulating archives, such as lake sediments and wetland peats, in remote areas may be used to identify the scale and rates of atmospherically deposited pollutant inputs to natural ecosystems. Co-located lake sediment and wetland cores were collected from Letšeng-la Letsie, a remote lake in the Maloti Mountains of southern Lesotho. The cores were radiometrically dated and continued coal combustion in South Africa through to the mid-21 st century.

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Atmospheric dry and wet deposition of sulphur and nitrogen species and assessment of critical loads of acidic deposition exceedance in South Africa

Cited by 29 publications

References 25 publications

The chemical characteristics of rainwater and wet atmospheric deposition fluxes at two urban sites and one rural site in Côte d’ Ivoire

The chemical characteristics of rainwater and wet atmospheric deposition fluxes at two urban sites and one rural site in Côte d’ Ivoire

Correlation between Air Quality and Wastewater Pollution

Natural archives of long-range transported contamination at the remote lake Letšeng-la Letsie, Maloti Mountains, Lesotho

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