Atmospheric Effects on OFDM Wireless Links Operating in the Millimeter Wave Regime

Golovachev, Yosef; Pinhasi, Gad A.; Pinhasi, Y.

doi:10.3390/electronics9101598

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The protocol was adjusted for probabilistic weather forecasts in a communication satellite control loop. Golovachev et al [5] showed the reduction of the bit error rate for the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) communication link applied for millimeter-waves (MMW, 30 GHz-300 GHz) transmission. Bonev et al [6] analyzed rain attenuation measurements collected over four years, working at 11, 15, and 19 GHz, and proposed to improve the rain-prediction model's accuracy coefficients.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Satellite to Ground Station, Attenuation Prediction for 2.4–72 GHz Using LTSM, an Artificial Recurrent Neural Network Technology

Alon

Leshem

2022

Electronics

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Satellite communication links suffer from arbitrary weather phenomena such as clouds, rain, snow, fog, and dust. Furthermore, when signals approach the ground station, they have to overcome buildings blocking the direct access to the ground station. This work proposes a model to predict the remaining signal strength for the next timeframe after deducting the attenuation and disruption impact caused during its propagation from the satellite to the ground station. The proposed model can be adjusted to comply with any geographic region and a broad spectrum of frequencies. We employ LTSM, an artificial recurrent neural network technology, providing a time-dependent prediction. We can instantly calibrate the satellite outgoing signal strength to overcome the predicted attenuation, resulting in satellite energy saving using this prediction.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Satellite to Ground Station, Attenuation Prediction for 2.4–72 GHz Using LTSM, an Artificial Recurrent Neural Network Technology

Alon

Leshem

2022

Electronics

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“…It is a known protocol adjusted for probabilistic weather forecasts in a communication satellite control loop. Golovachev et al [4] show the reduction of the bit error rate for the orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) communication link applied for millimeter waves (MMW, 30-300 GHz) transmission. Bonev et al [5] analyzed rain attenuation measurements collected over four years, working at 11,15 and 19 GHz, and proposed to improve the rain-prediction model's accuracy coefficients.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Satellite to Ground Station, Attenuation Prediction for 2.4-72GHz Using LTSM, An Artificial Recurrent Neural Network Technology

Domb¹,

Leshem²

2021

Preprint

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Free-space communication is a leading component in global communications. Its advantages relate to a broader signal spread, no wiring, and ease of engagement. Satellite communication services became recently attractive to mega-companies that foresee an excellent opportunity to connect disconnected remote regions, serve emerging machine-to-machine communication, Internet-of-things connectivity, and more. Satellite communication links suffer from arbitrary weather phenomena such as clouds, rain, snow, fog, and dust. In addition, when signals approach the ground station, it has to overcome buildings blocking the direct access to the ground station. Therefore, satellites commonly use redundant signal strength to ensure constant and continuous signal transmission, resulting in excess energy consumption, challenging the limited power capacity generated by solar energy or the fixed amount of fuel. This research proposes LTSM, an artificial recurrent neural network technology that provides a time-dependent prediction of the expected attenuation level due to rain and fog and the signal strength that remained after crossing physical obstacles surrounding the ground station. The satellite transmitter is calibrated accordingly. The satellite outgoing signal strength is based on the predicted signal strength to ensure it will remain strong enough for the ground station to process it. The instant calibration eliminates the excess use of energy resulting in energy savings.

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“…Considering rain distortions or urban objects means taking into account that a relationship exists between the input and the output linear depolarizing electric field components, propagating from the raindrop or the scattering objects in the medium. To illustrate the destructive rain phenomenon, it is possible to see the Figure 2e at [ 13 ], and the diagram at [ 9 ]. The effects of these phenomena on wireless communication systems based on orthogonal Dual-Polarization (DP) components, cause a deterioration in system performance, due to the sensitivity of orthogonality between polarized-signals and spatial-paths.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of OSTBC-OFDM Combined with Dual-Polarization and Time-Diversity in Millimeter-Wave MIMO Channels with Rain Distortions

Elgam

Peretz²,

Pinhasi³

2022

Sensors

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Various destructive weather and physical phenomena affect many parameters in the radio layer (i.e., affecting the wireless paths Over-The-Air (OTA)) of many outdoor-to-outdoor wireless systems. These destructive effects create polarization torsion and rotation of the signals propagating in space and cause the scattering of wireless spatial paths. The direct meaning is a significant degradation in system performance, especially in the Quality-of-Service (QoS). Under these challenging scenarios, intelligent utilization of advanced Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) techniques such as polarization-diversity and time-diversity at the transmitter, as well as at the receiver, and intelligent use of the Cross-Polarization-Isolation (XPI) mechanism, are essential. We prove that combining these techniques with the tuning of the XPI of the antennas creates optimal conditions in the wireless MIMO channels. This combination does not only improve the system’s performance, but also turns the destructive physical phenomena in the spatial-domain, into an advantage. In this article, we focus on formulating a wireless communication MIMO model in millimeter-Wave (mmWave) channels under rain distortions. We demonstrate the optimal use of combining Orthogonal-Space-Time-Coding (OSTBC) and Maximal-Ratio-Receive-Combiner (MRRC) with cross-polarization diversity techniques, that utilize the tuning of the XPI. An analytical exact optimal solution is proposed, that allows the tuning of the leading parameters to achieve global optimal performance, in terms of channel-capacity and Bit-Error-Rate (BER). In addition, we propose a process of approximation of feedback-closed-loop-MIMO. The feedback is employed between the transmitter and the receiver, in the scenario of changes in the channel-response-matrix in-between successive symbol-times. The feedback was designed to acheive global-maximum channel-capacity, while preserving the channel-path orthogonality in order to minimize the BER.

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Atmospheric Effects on OFDM Wireless Links Operating in the Millimeter Wave Regime

Cited by 4 publications

References 18 publications

Satellite to Ground Station, Attenuation Prediction for 2.4–72 GHz Using LTSM, an Artificial Recurrent Neural Network Technology

Satellite to Ground Station, Attenuation Prediction for 2.4–72 GHz Using LTSM, an Artificial Recurrent Neural Network Technology

Satellite to Ground Station, Attenuation Prediction for 2.4-72GHz Using LTSM, An Artificial Recurrent Neural Network Technology

Analysis of OSTBC-OFDM Combined with Dual-Polarization and Time-Diversity in Millimeter-Wave MIMO Channels with Rain Distortions

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