Atmospheric mercury in Changbai Mountain area, northeastern China II. The distribution of reactive gaseous mercury and particulate mercury and mercury deposition fluxes

Wan, Qi; Feng, Xinbin; Lu, Junjie; Zheng, Wei; Song, Xinjie; Li, Ping; Han, Shijie; Xu, Hao

doi:10.1016/j.envres.2009.05.006

Cited by 88 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The analysis of speciated atmospheric Hg has a greater tendency of extracting these three components because the variations in GOM and PBM are attributable to fresh emissions, chemical reactions and diurnal patterns in the atmosphere, whereas GEM or TGM are subject to large and stable background concentrations. This is further supported by Wan et al (2009b) and Liu et al (2007), who reported that PBM has a similar diurnal pattern as GOM. Specifically, GOM generally peak from midday to afternoon, and is quickly removed by nighttime dry deposition.…”

Section: Tgm Vs Speciated Atmospheric Hg Pca Resultssupporting

confidence: 65%

“…The initial analysis with TGM only resulted in meteorological conditions as the major Hg component (Wan et al, 2009a). When all three Hg species were included, diurnal trend and combustion processes were identified as the major Hg components (Wan et al, 2009b).…”

Section: Tgm Vs Speciated Atmospheric Hg Pca Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, Cheng et al (2009) derived a major Hg component with high loadings for all three Hg species and PM 2.5 only, which could not be easily characterized without additional data. Wan et al (2009b) were unable to differentiate two of the components, which were only labeled "Combustion processes I" and "Combustion processes II". Most PCA studies have gone beyond apportioning conventional anthropogenic sources to even identifying chemical and physical processes (e.g., GEM oxidation, boundary layer mixing, and surface GEM flux).…”

Section: Pca Results Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Overview of receptor-based source apportionment studies for speciated atmospheric mercury

Cheng

Zhang

2015

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Receptor-based source apportionment studies of speciated atmospheric mercury are not only concerned with source contributions but also with the influence of transport, transformation, and deposition processes on speciated atmospheric mercury concentrations at receptor locations. Previous studies applied multivariate receptor models including principal components analysis and positive matrix factorization, and back trajectory receptor models including potential source contribution function, gridded frequency distributions, and concentration-back trajectory models. Combustion sources (e.g., coal combustion, biomass burning, and vehicular, industrial and waste incineration emissions), crustal/soil dust, and chemical and physical processes, such as gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) oxidation reactions, boundary layer mixing, and GEM flux from surfaces were inferred from the multivariate studies, which were predominantly conducted at receptor sites in Canada and the US. Back trajectory receptor models revealed potential impacts of large industrial areas such as the Ohio River valley in the US and throughout China, metal smelters, mercury evasion from the ocean and the Great Lakes, and free troposphere transport on receptor measurements. Input data and model parameters specific to atmospheric mercury receptor models are summarized and model strengths and weaknesses are also discussed. Multivariate models are suitable for receptor locations with intensive air monitoring because they require long-term collocated and simultaneous measurements of speciated atmospheric Hg and ancillary pollutants. The multivariate models provide more insight about the types of Hg emission sources and Hg processes that could affect speciated atmospheric Hg at a receptor location, whereas back trajectory receptor models are mainly ideal for identifying potential regional Hg source locations impacting elevated Hg concentrations. Interpretation of the multivariate model output to sources can be subjective and challenging when speciated atmospheric Hg is not correlated with ancillary pollutants and when source emissions profiles and knowledge of Hg chemistry are incomplete. The majority of back trajectory receptor models have not accounted for Hg transformation and deposition processes and could not distinguish between upwind and downwind sources effectively. Ensemble trajectories should be generated to take into account the trajectory uncertainties where possible. One area of improvement that applies to all the receptor models reviewed in this study is the greater focus on evaluating the accuracy of the models at identifying potential speciated atmospheric mercury sources, source locations, and chemical and physical processes in the atmosphere. In addition to receptor model improvements, the data quality of speciated atmospheric Hg plays an equally important part in producing accurate receptor model results.

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Section: Tgm Vs Speciated Atmospheric Hg Pca Resultssupporting

confidence: 65%

Section: Tgm Vs Speciated Atmospheric Hg Pca Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Pca Results Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Overview of receptor-based source apportionment studies for speciated atmospheric mercury

Cheng

Zhang

2015

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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“…The fraction of RGM and PHg was typically greater at locations near large point sources due to the emission speciation (nearly 50% of mercury was emitted as RGM and PHg), and decreased rapidly away from source locations because of their relatively shorter atmospheric lifetime. The predicted surface concentrations were compared to the observed concentrations in the East Asian region (Liu et al, 2002;Wang et al,, 2007Fang et al, 2001Fang et al, , 2004Feng et al, 2004a;Yang et al, 2009;Xiu et al, 2009;Fu et al, 2008a, b;Wan et al, 2009a;Wan et al, 2009b;Kim et al, 2009;Nguyen et al, 2007;Chand et al, 2008). We recognized that the timeframe of measurements reported in the literature was not synchronized with the model and emission inventory base years in this study.…”

Section: Model-predicted Mercury Concentrations In East Asia and Modementioning

confidence: 99%

Estimating mercury emission outflow from East Asia using CMAQ-Hg

et al. 2010

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Abstract. East Asia contributes to nearly 50% of the global anthropogenic mercury emissions into the atmosphere. Recently, there have been concerns about the long-range transport of mercury from East Asia, which may lead to enhanced dry and wet depositions in other regions. In this study, we performed four monthly simulations (January, April, July and October in 2005) using CMAQ-Hg v4.6 for a number of emission inventory scenarios in an East Asian model domain. Coupled with mass balance analyses, the chemical transport of mercury in East Asia and the resulted mercury emission outflow were investigated. The total annual mercury deposition in the region was estimated to be 821 Mg, with 396 Mg contributed by wet deposition and 425 Mg by dry deposition. Anthropogenic emissions were responsible for most of the estimated deposition (75%). The deposition caused by emissions from natural sources was less important (25%). Regional mercury transport budgets showed strong seasonal variability, with a net removal of RGM (7-15 Mg month −1 ) and PHg (13-21 Mg month −1 ) in the domain, and a net export of GEM (60-130 Mg month −1 ) from the domain. The outflow caused by East Asian emissions (anthropogenic plus natural) was estimated to be in the range of 1369-1671 Mg yr −1 , of which 50-60% was caused by emissions from natural sources. The emission outflow repCorrespondence to: C.-J. Lin (jerry.lin@lamar.edu) resented about 75% of the total mercury emissions in the region, and would contribute to 20-30% of mercury deposition in remote receptors.

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“…Previous studies in China used both a bulk collector (Fu et al, 2008b;Guo et al, 2008;Wan et al, 2009a;Fu et al, 2010a) and a wet-only collector (Fu et al, 2010b;Liu et al, 2011;Wang et al, 2012;Zhu et al, 2014;Zhou et al, 2013). The bulk collector tends to overestimate the wet deposition flux due to the dry deposition of TPM and GOM in the sampling period.…”

Section: Wet Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observations of atmospheric mercury in China: a critical review

et al. 2015

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Abstract. China presently contributes the largest amount of anthropogenic mercury (Hg) emission into the atmosphere in the world. Over the past decade, numerous studies have been conducted to characterize the concentration and forms of atmospheric Hg in China, which provide insights into the spatial and temporal distributions of atmospheric Hg through ground-based measurements at widely diverse geographical locations and during cruise and flight campaigns. In this paper, we present a comprehensive review of the state of understanding in atmospheric Hg in China. Gaseous elemental mercury (GEM) and particulate-bound mercury (PBM) measured at the remote sites in China are substantially elevated compared to the background values in the Northern Hemisphere. In Chinese urban areas, the highly elevated GEM, PBM and gaseous oxidized mercury (GOM) were mainly derived from local anthropogenic Hg emissions, whereas regional anthropogenic emissions and long-range transport from domestic source regions are the primary causes of the elevated GEM and PBM concentrations at remote sites. Using 7-9 years of continuous observations at a remote site and an urban site, a slight increase in atmospheric GEM (2.4-2.5 % yr −1 ) was identified (paired samples test: p < 0.01), which is in agreement with the increasing domestic anthropogenic emissions. Anthropogenic GEM emission quantity in China estimated through the observed GEM / CO concentration ratios ranged from 632 to 1138 t annually over the past decade, 2-3 times larger than published values using emission activity data. Modeling results and filed measurements show dry deposition is the predominant process for removing Hg from the atmosphere, 2.5-9.0 times larger than wet deposition, due to the elevated atmospheric GEM and PBM concentrations that facilitate dry deposition to terrestrial landscapes. Further studies to reconcile the observed and simulated Hg concentrations, to understand the impact of domestic emission reduction on Hg concentration and deposition and to delineate the role of Hg emission and deposition of China in the global Hg biogeochemical cycle, are needed.

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Atmospheric mercury in Changbai Mountain area, northeastern China II. The distribution of reactive gaseous mercury and particulate mercury and mercury deposition fluxes

Cited by 88 publications

References 38 publications

Overview of receptor-based source apportionment studies for speciated atmospheric mercury

Overview of receptor-based source apportionment studies for speciated atmospheric mercury

Estimating mercury emission outflow from East Asia using CMAQ-Hg

Observations of atmospheric mercury in China: a critical review

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