Atmospheric Occurrence of 2-Nitrobenzanthrone Associated With Airborne Particles in Central Tokyo

Inazu, Koji; Nam, Vu Duc; Asato, Takahiro; Okochi, Hiroshi; Hisamatsu, Yoshiharu; Kobayashi, Takaaki; Baba, Toshihide

doi:10.1080/10406630802374457

Cited by 4 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Yet, this is also the first study to investigate these species in fine particles, which brings more direct concern in regard to health-related endpoints, than other reports because they considered larger PM fractions only (such as PM10 and TSP). In this way, our results (Table S1) are not directly comparable with the previous ambient 22,32,38,39,42,43,46–48 , nor chamber studies 26,27 , especially concerned to particle size, different concentrations units reported, the lack of information regarding sampling data and the broad sort of analytical methods used.…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 93%

“…Generally, the 2-NBA and 3-NBA derivatization is done through a reduction step which yields 2-aminobenzanthrone and 3-aminobenzanthrone (2-ABA and 3-ABA), respectively. They are further mostly analyzed by HPLC coupled with either fluorescence 22,41,42 , UV 22,39,41–43 , chemiluminescence 37,38,44 and/or mass spectrometer 41 detectors. If we consider possible losses or degradation as well as any artifact formations during 2-NBA and 3-NBA derivatization step associated to their very low atmospheric levels all together also may partially answer for the difficulty of finding them in appreciable levels in the atmospheric environment.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our findings show the 2-NBA levels is only about 3.4 times higher than the 3-NBA levels (Table 1). However, the few studies reported both 2-NBA and 3-NBA levels showed 2-NBA is ~35–70 higher than 3-NBA (Table S1) 22 . In our study while 2-NBA concentrations are similar to the literature, 3-NBA levels seem to be higher.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2-NBA and 3-NBA have been unevenly and eventually identified in diesel exhaust and ambient air PM worldwide, although they have remained predominantly underdetermined. In part, the reason for finding little information about particle-bound 2-NBA and 3-NBA are their very low concentration levels in atmospheric aerosols (from low ng m −3 to low fg m −3 ), ranging from 0.5–3.5 f mol m −3 (or 0.14–0.96 pg m −3 ) (3-NBA) in Central Tokyo 22 to 6.79 pg m −3 (3-NBA) in other parts of Japan 37 . Even fewer studies have considered 2-NBA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Their low atmospheric concentrations together to the complex nature of particulate matter demand reliable and efficient sample preparation and analysis methods in order to be able to confidently quantify 2-NBA and 3-NBA in atmospheric samples. Nonetheless, the latest studies regarding 2-NBA and 3-NBA occurrence in atmospheric aerosols and rainwater and possible atmospheric chemistry implications are dated from late 1990s and early and mid 2000s only 22,26,27,30,32,37,39,40 . After that very little has been done in this subject.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Occurrence of the potent mutagens 2- nitrobenzanthrone and 3-nitrobenzanthrone in fine airborne particles

Santos

Rocha

Andrade

2019

Sci Rep

12,658

435

8,322

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Polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) are known due to their mutagenic activity. Among them, 2-nitrobenzanthrone (2-NBA) and 3-nitrobenzanthrone (3-NBA) are considered as two of the most potent mutagens found in atmospheric particles. In the present study 2-NBA, 3-NBA and selected PAHs and Nitro-PAHs were determined in fine particle samples (PM 2.5) collected in a bus station and an outdoor site. The fuel used by buses was a diesel-biodiesel (96:4) blend and light-duty vehicles run with any ethanol-to-gasoline proportion. The concentrations of 2-NBA and 3-NBA were, on average, under 14.8 µg g−1 and 4.39 µg g−1, respectively. In order to access the main sources and formation routes of these compounds, we performed ternary correlations and multivariate statistical analyses. The main sources for the studied compounds in the bus station were diesel/biodiesel exhaust followed by floor resuspension. In the coastal site, vehicular emission, photochemical formation and wood combustion were the main sources for 2-NBA and 3-NBA as well as the other PACs. Incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) were calculated for both places, which presented low values, showing low cancer risk incidence although the ILCR values for the bus station were around 2.5 times higher than the ILCR from the coastal site.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 93%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Occurrence of the potent mutagens 2- nitrobenzanthrone and 3-nitrobenzanthrone in fine airborne particles

Santos

Rocha

Andrade

2019

Sci Rep

12,658

435

8,322

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Occurrence of 3-nitrobenzanthrone and other powerful mutagenic polycyclic aromatic compounds in living organisms: polychaetes

Sola

Santos

Martinez

et al. 2020

Sci Rep

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In this work we report the occurrence of powerful mutagenic 3-nitrobenzanthrone (3-NBA), in addition to 18 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), 6 oxygenated PAHs and 27 nitrated PAHs in polychaete worms. Benzanthrone (BA), another important mutagenic polycyclic aromatic compound (PAC) also was detected in the samples. Polychaete annelids have great ecological relevance, being widely distributed in different environmental conditions, from intertidal zones up to seven thousand feet deep areas. They are abundantly found in both contaminated and uncontaminated areas and, therefore, used as indicators of the pollution status of a given area. As we know, so far, most of these PACs has not been previously reported in living organisms before. The 3-NBA concentrations determined in this study were within 0.11–5.18 µg g−1. Other relevant PACs such as PAHs, quinones and nitro-PAHs were found in maximum concentrations at 0.013 µg g−1 (coronene) to 11.1 µg g−1 (benzo[k]fluoranthene), 0.823 µg g−1 (9,10-phenenthrenequinone) to 12.1 µg g−1 (1,4-benzoquinone) and 0.434 (1-nitronaphthalene) µg g−1 to 19.2 µg g−1 (6-nitrobenzo[a]pyrene), respectively. Principal component analysis (PCA), ternary correlations and diagnostic ratios were employed in order to propose probable sources for PACs. Although statistical analysis preliminarily has indicated both pyrogenic and petrogenic contributions, petrogenic sources were predominant reflecting the impacts of petroleum exploration and intensive traffic of boats in the study area.

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Factors and Trends Affecting the Identification of a Reliable Biomarker for Diesel Exhaust Exposure

Morgott

2014

Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology

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The monitoring of human exposures to diesel exhaust continues to be a vexing problem for specialists seeking information on the potential health effects of this ubiquitous combustion product. Exposure biomarkers have yielded a potential solution to this problem by providing a direct measure of an individual's contact with key components in the exhaust stream. Spurred by the advent of new, highly sensitive, analytical methods capable of detecting substances at very low levels, there have been numerous attempts at identifying a stable and specific biomarker. Despite these new techniques, there is currently no foolproof method for unambiguously separating diesel exhaust exposures from those arising from other combustion sources.Diesel exhaust is a highly complex mixture of solid, liquid, and gaseous components whose exact composition can be affected by many variables, including engine technology, fuel composition, operating conditions, and photochemical aging. These factors together with those related to exposure methodology, epidemiological necessity, and regulatory reform can have a decided impact on the success or failure of future research aimed at identifying a suitable biomarker of exposure. The objective of this review is to examine existing information on exposure biomarkers for diesel exhaust and to identify those factors and trends that have had an impact on the successful identification of metrics for both occupational and community settings. The information will provide interested parties with a template for more thoroughly understanding those factors affecting diesel exhaust emissions and for identifying those substances and research approaches holding the greatest promise for future success.

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Atmospheric Occurrence of 2-Nitrobenzanthrone Associated With Airborne Particles in Central Tokyo

Cited by 4 publications

References 23 publications

Occurrence of the potent mutagens 2- nitrobenzanthrone and 3-nitrobenzanthrone in fine airborne particles

Occurrence of the potent mutagens 2- nitrobenzanthrone and 3-nitrobenzanthrone in fine airborne particles

Occurrence of 3-nitrobenzanthrone and other powerful mutagenic polycyclic aromatic compounds in living organisms: polychaetes

Factors and Trends Affecting the Identification of a Reliable Biomarker for Diesel Exhaust Exposure

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