Atmospheric particulate matter (PM2.5), EC, OC, WSOC and PAHs from NE–Himalaya: abundances and chemical characteristics

Rajput, Prashant; Sarin, M.M.; Kundu, Shyam Sundar

doi:10.5094/apr.2013.022

Cited by 84 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Both Dhunche and Jomsom are located in rural areas of the central Himalayas. However, the TSP and PAH concentrations of Dhunche (TSP: 132.3 ± 73.7 µg m ), located in the foothills of the Himalayas, which are clearly impacted upon by the transport of pollutants from the IGP in winter (Rajput et al, 2013). Considering that local emissions in Jomsom are very low, the measured pollutants probably accumulate by the up-valley winds that transport pollutants from the IGP.…”

Section: Spatial Distribution and Seasonal Trend Of Tsp And Pah Concementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although several studies have investigated TSP and PAH concentrations in the IGP Rajput et al, 2013), these investigations mainly focused on single sitesespecially those in urban/rural regions -and paid little attention to the PAHs, which are good markers for longrange transport pollutants.…”

Section: Altitudinal Dependence Of Tsp and Pah Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, current knowledge of PAH compositions for this region remains deficient (Kishida et al, 2009;Rajput et al, 2013;Chen et al, 2015bChen et al, , 2016, especially in terms of spatial and seasonal variations. Here, we present results of a year-long time series of TSP and particulate-phase PAHs observations at six sites (Lumbini, Pokhara, Jomsom, Zhongba, Dhunche and Nyalam) across two Himalayan transects to investigate characteristics of PAHs in this critical region (Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The IGP is a major regional/global emitter of organic pollutants into the atmosphere (NEERI, 2006;Singh et al, 2013;Chen et al, 2015b). It has been estimated that South Asia produced about 90 Gg y -1 of PAHs in 2004 (Zhang and Tao, 2009), and the transport of PAHs from the IGP is considered to be the most important pathway controlling the levels of PAHs over the Himalayas (Rajput et al, 2013;Gong et al, 2014). Increasing pollutant emissions associated with the fastgrowing economies of South Asian countries have led to the progressive increase of aerosol concentrations above the natural baseline, with a clearly measurable positive trend in the last 30 years (Gautam et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The United Kingdom has set an air quality standard of 0.25 ng m -3 benzo [a]pyrene (EPAQS, 1999). Since some PAHs (e.g., 4-6 ring PAHs) are persistent in the atmosphere, they can be transported over long distances to remote areas such as the Arctic or the Himalayas, thousands of kilometers away from their sources (Crimmins et al, 2004;Ding et al, 2007;Rajput et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Characteristics of Particulate-Phase Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the Atmosphere over the Central Himalayas

Chen

Kang

et al. 2017

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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PAH concentrations were measured in total suspended particle (TSP) samples collected from six sites along two southnorth transects across the central Himalayas from April 2013 to March 2014. The annual average TSP and PAH (especially 5-and 6-ring compounds) concentrations were found to decrease noticeably northwards along both transects. At rural and urban sites, the TSP and PAH concentrations showed clear seasonal variations, with the lower concentrations around the mid-monsoon season and the higher values in the winter season. Meanwhile, at the remote sites (e.g., Nyalam and Zhongba), these pollutants generally remained constant throughout the year but with relatively higher levels during the pre-monsoon season. Both IndP/(IndP + BghiP) and Fla/(Fla + Pyr) ratios suggested that atmospheric PAHs from urban and rural sites were mainly associated with emissions from biomass burning, coal burning and petroleum combustion. However, the contribution of biomass burning increased at remote sites. Similar compositions of PAHs were found at three remote sites located on both sides of the Himalayas (Jomsom, Zhongba, and Nyalam), suggesting that the northern side of the Himalayas may be affected by anthropogenic emissions from the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) via long-range atmospheric transport. This work provides a database of PAHs in central Himalayas for further assessing environmental risk of air pollution in the remote regions.

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Section: Spatial Distribution and Seasonal Trend Of Tsp And Pah Concementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Altitudinal Dependence Of Tsp and Pah Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Characteristics of Particulate-Phase Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the Atmosphere over the Central Himalayas

Chen

Kang

et al. 2017

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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A Global Perspective of Fine Particulate Matter Pollution and Its Health Effects

Mukherjee

Agrawal

2017

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology

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Fine particulate matter (PM) in the ambient air is implicated in a variety of human health issues throughout the globe. Regulation of fine PM in the atmosphere requires information on the dimension of the problem with respect to variations in concentrations and sources. To understand the current status of fine particles in the atmosphere and their potential harmful health effects in different regions of the world this review article was prepared based on peer-reviewed scientific papers, scientific reports, and database from government organizations published after the year 2000 to evaluate the global scenario of the PM (particles <2.5 μm in aerodynamic diameter), its exceedance of national and international standards, sources, mechanism of toxicity, and harmful health effects of PM and its components. PM levels and exceedances of national and international standards were several times higher in Asian countries, while levels in Europe and USA were mostly well below the respective standards. Vehicular traffic has a significant influence on PM levels in urban areas; followed by combustion activities (biomass, industrial, and waste burning) and road dust. In urban atmosphere, fine particles are mostly associated with different health effects with old aged people, pregnant women, and more so children being the most susceptible ones. Fine PM chemical constituents severely effect health due to their carcinogenic or mutagenic nature. Most of the research indicated an exceedance of fine PM level of the standards with a diverse array of health effects based on PM chemical constituents. Emission reduction policies with epidemiological studies are needed to understand the benefits of sustainable control measures for fine PM mitigation.

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Urbanization in Himalaya—An Interregional Perspective to Land Use and Urban Growth Dynamics

Anees

Sharma

Joshi

2021

Mountain Landscapes in Transition

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Atmospheric particulate matter (PM2.5), EC, OC, WSOC and PAHs from NE–Himalaya: abundances and chemical characteristics

Cited by 84 publications

References 29 publications

Characteristics of Particulate-Phase Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the Atmosphere over the Central Himalayas

Characteristics of Particulate-Phase Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the Atmosphere over the Central Himalayas

A Global Perspective of Fine Particulate Matter Pollution and Its Health Effects

Urbanization in Himalaya—An Interregional Perspective to Land Use and Urban Growth Dynamics

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