Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization of alkanes, alkenes, and cycloalkanes

Bell, S. A.; Ewing, Robert G.; Eiceman, Gary A.; Karpas, Zeev

doi:10.1016/1044-0305(94)85031-3

Cited by 66 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Reduced mobility values of 2.06 cm 2 V −1 s −1 (40°C) and 1.86 cm 2 V −1 s −1 (200°C) for n-hexane can be concluded from their Fig. 1 while a reduced mobility value of 2.10 cm 2 V −1 s −1 at 200°C is reported for cyclohexane in Table 2 of Ref [30]. In contrast to our investigations, considerable differences were found in reduced mobility values between n-hexane and cyclohexane.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 69%

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Ion mobility spectra of cyclic and aliphatic hydrocarbons with different substituents

Borsdorf

Neitsch

2009

Int. J. Ion Mobil. Spec.

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We investigated the influence of structural differences on the ionization pathways and drift behavior in ion mobility spectrometry for cyclic and aliphatic hydrocarbons with different functional groups. The sets of cyclic and aliphatic compounds had an identical mass or a mass difference of 2 Da. Therefore, mass effects can be neglected during the investigation of these compounds. Depending on the functional group, considerable differences were found in the detectable concentration ranges and in the number and position of product ion peaks in ion mobility spectra. The spectra of chlorinated compounds and hydrocarbons show no correlation to their calculated collisional cross sections. Differences in collisional cross section between cyclic and aliphatic substances investigated were only found to influence the drift times detected for amines and aliphatic aldehydes while complex ion chemistry was observed for the other substances.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…investigated different hydrocarbons with IMS using 63 Ni ionization at different temperatures [30]. Reduced mobility values of 2.06 cm 2 V −1 s −1 (40°C) and 1.86 cm 2 V −1 s −1 (200°C) for n-hexane can be concluded from their Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Ion mobility spectra of cyclic and aliphatic hydrocarbons with different substituents

Borsdorf

Neitsch

2009

Int. J. Ion Mobil. Spec.

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“…It was found that O 2 ϩ• reacts mainly by dissociative or nondissociative charge transfer [17][18][19], NO ϩ by hydride abstraction [18 -22], and H 3 O ϩ by association [19,22]. Moreover, there are a few reports on the APCI-MS and ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) of alkanes, alkenes, and cycloalkanes in air [23,24]. However, to the best of our knowledge there are no comprehensive studies on the ion chemistry in a plasma generated by corona discharges in hydrocarbon-doped air.…”

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confidence: 99%

A mass spectrometry study of alkanes in air plasma at atmospheric pressure

Marotta

Paradisi

2008

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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The positive APCI-mass spectra in air of linear (n-pentane, n-hexane, n-heptane, n-octane), branched [2,4-dimethylpentane, 2,2-dimethylpentane and 2,2,4-trimethylpentane (i-octane)], and cyclic (cyclohexane) alkanes were analyzed at different mixing ratios and temperatures. The effect of air humidity was also investigated. Complex ion chemistry is observed as a result of the interplay of several different reagent ions, including atmospheric ions O 2 ϩ• , NO ϩ , H 3 O ϩ , and their hydrates, but also alkyl fragment ions derived from the alkanes. Some of these reactions are known from previous selected ion/molecule reaction studies; others are so far unreported. The major ion formed from most alkanes (M) is the species [M Ϫ H] ϩ , which is accompanied by M ϩ• only in the case of n-octane. Ionic fragments of C n H 2nϩ1 ϩ composition are also observed, particularly with branched alkanes: the relative abundance of such fragments with respect to that of [M Ϫ H] ϩ decreases with increasing concentration of M, thus suggesting that they react with M via hydride abstraction. The branched C 7 and C 8 alkanes react with NO ϩ to form a C 4 H 10 NO ϩ ion product, which upon collisional activation dissociates via HNO elimination. The structure of t-Bu ϩ (HNO) is proposed for such species, which is reasonably formed from the original NO ϩ (M) ion/molecule complex via hydride transfer and olefin elimination. . For air pollution control, different types of reactors and power supplies are being developed and tested for production of nonthermal plasmas by means of electrical discharges [3]. Following an initial phase devoted to prove the feasibility and competitiveness of the process in terms of energy and cost efficiency, research is presently focusing on the characterization of the chemistry-i.e., the products being released and the underlying chemical mechanisms-to develop a more efficient and cleaner process [5].In nonthermal plasmas, which are conveniently produced by electric corona discharges in air at atmospheric pressure, high-energy electrons induce ionization, excitation, and dissociation of the bulk gas molecules, N 2 and O 2 . The resulting reactive species, ionic and neutral as well as thermalized electrons, can attack molecules of organic pollutants present in the air, such as hydrocarbons and other volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and initiate a chain of reactions leading eventually to their oxidation. It is generally accepted that nonthermal plasma-induced VOC oxidation proceeds via VOC-derived organic radicals, R • , which are trapped by molecular oxygen and undergo further reactions as described for their tropospheric oxidation [6], leading eventually to CO 2 . As for the origin of such VOC-derived radicals, i.e., the nature of the initiation steps of nonthermal plasma-induced VOC decay, reactions of VOC molecules with neutrals and radicals, notably O( 3 P) and • OH, are usually envisioned. However, increasing numbers of literature reports suggest that in some cases ionic initiation steps might prevail [7][8][9...

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“…ϩ product ions were found for non-polar alkanes in previous investigations [26,27]. Ion formation via subsequent isomerization including the migration of alkyl groups can be ruled out.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 65%

Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization studies of non-polar isomeric hydrocarbons using ion mobility spectrometry and mass spectrometry with different ionization techniques

Borsdorf

Nazarov

Eiceman

2002

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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The ionization pathways were determined for sets of isomeric non-polar hydrocarbons (structural isomers, cis/trans isomers) using ion mobility spectrometry and mass spectrometry with different techniques of atmospheric pressure chemical ionization to assess the influence of structural features on ion formation. Depending on the structural features, different ions were observed using mass spectrometry. Unsaturated hydrocarbons formed mostlywere found for saturated cis/trans isomers using photoionization and 63 Ni ionization. These ionization methods and corona discharge ionization were used for ion mobility measurements of these compounds. Different ions were detected for compounds with different structural features. 63 Ni ionization and photoionization provide comparable ions for every set of isomers. The product ions formed can be clearly attributed to the structures identified. However, differences in relative abundance of product ions were found. Although corona discharge ionization permits the most sensitive detection of non-polar hydrocarbons, the spectra detected are complex and differ from those obtained with 63 Ni ionization and photoionization. (J Am Soc

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Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization of alkanes, alkenes, and cycloalkanes

Cited by 66 publications

References 21 publications

Ion mobility spectra of cyclic and aliphatic hydrocarbons with different substituents

Ion mobility spectra of cyclic and aliphatic hydrocarbons with different substituents

A mass spectrometry study of alkanes in air plasma at atmospheric pressure

Atmospheric pressure chemical ionization studies of non-polar isomeric hydrocarbons using ion mobility spectrometry and mass spectrometry with different ionization techniques

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