Atmospheric tar balls: Particles from biomass and biofuel burning

Pósfai, Mihály; Gelencsér, András; Simonics, R.; Arato, K.; Li, Jia; Hobbs, Peter V.; Buseck, Peter R.

doi:10.1029/2003jd004169

Cited by 375 publications

(491 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…Pomegranate-like particles are complex and interesting in appearance and are different from all previously reported internal mixtures [15][16][17]. Their mechanical response is interesting as well.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 74%

In situ study of the mechanical properties of airborne haze particles

Ding

Han

et al. 2015

Sci. China Technol. Sci.

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Particulate pollution has raised serious concerns regarding its potential impacts on human health in developing countries. However, much less attention has been paid to the threat of haze particles to machinery and industry. By employing a state-of-the-art in situ scanning electron microscope compression testing technique, we demonstrate that iron-rich and fly ash haze particles, which account for nearly 70% of the total micron-sized spherical haze particles, are strong enough to generate abrasive damage to most engineering alloys, and therefore can generate significant scratch damage to moving contacting surfaces in high precision machineries. Our finding calls for preventive measures to protect against haze related threat.haze particle, hardness, abrasive damage, precision industry Citation:Ding M S, Han W Z, Li J, et al. In situ study of the mechanical properties of airborne haze particles.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 74%

In situ study of the mechanical properties of airborne haze particles

Ding

Han

et al. 2015

Sci. China Technol. Sci.

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“…They provide enough information for the unambiguous identification of ns-soot, which, in turn, is useful for assessing the relative concentration and mixing properties of this important particle type. In contrast, tar balls, which are also spherical, lack distinctive diffraction features and the wavy, graphene-like layers that are characteristic of ns-soot (P osfai et al 2004;Hand et al 2005;Adachi and Buseck 2011). Other organic particles, either of primary or secondary origin, also lack structures that are readily identifiable in TEM measurements (Chen et al 2006;Adachi and Buseck 2008).…”

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confidence: 94%

Ns-Soot: A Material-Based Term for Strongly Light-Absorbing Carbonaceous Particles

Buseck

Adachi

Gelencsér

et al. 2014

Aerosol Science and Technology

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105

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The climate-change and environmental literature, including that on aerosols, is replete with mention of black carbon (BC) and soot. The terms are used interchangeably in much of the literature, although BC and soot commonly have operational and source-based definitions, respectively, and reliable reference samples and aerosol standards do not exist for either one. The uncertainty about their exact chemical nature and properties can be decreased by materials-based measurement techniques and terminology. Here, we discuss ambiguities in common uses of BC and soot and propose the term ns-soot, where "ns" refers to carbon nanospheres, for a characteristic constituent of BC and soot. Based on its composition, morphology, and structure, we define ns-soot as particles that consist of nanospheres, typically with diameters <100 nm, that possess distinct structures of concentrically wrapped, graphene-like layers of carbon and with grape-like (aciniform) morphologies. We additionally propose that, because of their importance for climate modeling and health issues, distinctions are made among bare, coated, and embedded ns-soot particles.

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“…5a) . The tar balls are round, amorphous OM particles that occur as a result of biomass burning (Pósfai et al, 2004;Hand et al, 2005). Although EDS analysis is not sensitive for detecting light elements such as N, most OM particles clearly showed a N peak (Fig.…”

Section: Overview Of Particle Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Emissions from forest fires near Mexico City

et al. 2007

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Abstract. The emissions of NO x (defined as NO (nitric oxide) + NO 2 (nitrogen dioxide)) and hydrogen cyanide (HCN), per unit amount of fuel burned, from fires in the pine forests that dominate the mountains surrounding Mexico City (MC) are about 2 times higher than normally observed for forest burning. The ammonia (NH 3 ) emissions are about average for forest burning. The upper limit for the mass ratio of NO x to volatile organic compounds (VOC) for these MC-area mountain fires was ∼0.38, which is similar to the NO x /VOC ratio in the MC urban area emissions inventory of 0.34, but much larger than the NO x /VOC ratio for tropical forest fires in Brazil (∼0.068). The nitrogen enrichment in the fire emissions may be due to deposition of nitrogencontaining pollutants in the outflow from the MC urban area. This effect may occur worldwide wherever biomass burning coexists with large urban areas (e.g. the tropics, southeastern US, Los Angeles Basin). The molar emission ratio of HCN to carbon monoxide (CO) for the mountain fires was 0.012±0.007, which is 2-9 times higher than widely used literature values for biomass burning. The ambient molar ratio HCN/CO in the MC-area outflow is about 0.003±0.0003.

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Atmospheric tar balls: Particles from biomass and biofuel burning

Cited by 375 publications

References 64 publications

In situ study of the mechanical properties of airborne haze particles

In situ study of the mechanical properties of airborne haze particles

Ns-Soot: A Material-Based Term for Strongly Light-Absorbing Carbonaceous Particles

Emissions from forest fires near Mexico City

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