Atmospheric Thermodynamics

Abstract

This textbook presents a uniquely integrated approach in linking both physics and chemistry to the study of atmospheric thermodynamics. The book explains the classical laws of thermodynamics, focuses on various fluid systems, and, recognising the increasing importance of chemistry in the meteorological and climate sciences, devotes a chapter to chemical thermodynamics which includes an overview of photochemistry. Although students are expected to have some background knowledge of calculus, general chemistry and classical physics, the book provides set-aside refresher boxes as useful reminders. It contains over 100 diagrams and graphs to supplement the discussions, and a similar number of worked examples and exercises, with solutions included at the end of the book. It is ideal for a single-semester advanced course on atmospheric thermodynamics, and will prepare students for higher-level synoptic and dynamics courses.

Using Convective Available Potential Energy (CAPE) and Dew-Point Temperature to Characterize Rainfall-Extreme Events in the South-Central Andes

“…Real data show that the slope coefficients α and β deviate from their theoretical values of α = 0.068 (CC relationship coefficient) and β = 0.5 (parcel-theory coefficient) due to different meteorological boundary conditions [20,24].…”

“…Previous research by [24] and based on the CC relationship and idealized parcel theory suggested a relation between rainfall and both climatic variables of the type:…”

“…Third, we fit the regression model (Equation (4)) [20,24] which shows a log-linear relationship between rainfall and both variables based on meteorological data described by convective available potential energy (CAPE) and dew-point temperature (T d ) in our study region. We have used a linear model fitting function that uses the Wilkinson notation.…”

“…The south-central Andes are characterized by steep gradients in topography, climate, and ecology supporting a diverse environment with economic significance. This region is repeatedly affected by amount of energy of a rising air parcel and therefore the rainfall intensity are commensurate to √ CAPE, which is defined by meteorological parcel theory [20,24,25] (assuming idealized conditions). Gettelman et al [26] investigated a positive correlation between CAPE and surface temperature over the tropics.…”

“…The parameter describing atmospheric stability is the convective available potential energy (CAPE) [20]. CAPE indicates the amount of energy available for convection [24]. If CAPE is efficiently transferred to parcel kinetic energy the…”