Atmospheric versus biological sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in a tropical rain forest environment

Krauß, Martin; Wilcke, Wolfgang; Martius, Christopher; Bandeira, Adelmar Gomes; Garcia, Marcos Valério; Amelung, Wulf

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2004.09.012

Cited by 134 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…In addition to perylene, the typical combustion-derived PAHs BAPBEP, benzo(b)-and benzo(k)flouranthene (BBK, because the peaks could not be separated from each other) were analysed. As PHE is another PAH suspected to be produced biologically (Krauss et al, 2005;Atanassova and Brü mmer, 2004), it was also included in the analysis. Decisive for selection of samples was that they contained sufficient amounts of each PAH to provide chromatographic peaks suitable for d 13 C evaluation.…”

Section: Source Identification Of Pahsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls in urban soils from Kathmandu, Nepal

Aichner

Glaser

Zech

2007

Organic Geochemistry

123

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Kathmandu, the capital of Nepal, faces increasing environmental problems such as heavy air pollution and lack of proper waste management. The aim of this study was to examine if the soils are also affected by pollution, with the focus on polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The sum of 20 PAHs in surface soils ranged between 184 and 10279 lg kg À1 . The most abundant PAHs were perylene (14.6%), benzo(b+j+k)flouranthene (10.7%), naphthalene (10.7%) and phenanthrene (9.8%), with perylene concentrations varying strongly. The significantly more positive d 13 C values of perylene in samples with elevated concentrations indicate biological production, possibly by anaerobic degradation of perylene quinones. PAH ratios also indicate the influence of petrogenic PAH sources, especially at petrol stations and some street samples. The sum of 12 PCBs ranged from 356 to 44710 ng kg À1 . The most abundant were congeners 52 (19.4%), 101 (14.3%), 118 (13.4%) and 138 (11.7%). The low PCB concentrations and pattern were interpreted as a diffuse background contamination being the main PCB source in the urban soils. Indications for recent contamination were found in river sediments from the inner city, as well as in industrial and street samples. Classified by land use, the samples taken from the gutter contained the highest PAH and PCB concentrations as a result of accumulation. The lowest values were found in surface soils from Swayambunath (a park) and a garden area. A gradual decrease in concentration with depth was present for both compound classes in the profiles sampled at Swayambunath. No trend was visible in the garden profiles as a result of soil disturbance of the soil by agricultural treatment. Enhanced microbial degradation and volatilization in the warm/humid monsoon climate is probably the main cause for low pollutant concentrations. Increased photodegradation and the short accumulation period might be other important factors. Concerning its state of soil pollution, Kathmandu fits rather well into a global distribution pattern of persistent organic pollutants, with high concentrations in temperate (higher latitude) regions and very low ones in the tropics (lower latitude regions) due to global distillation.

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Section: Source Identification Of Pahsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls in urban soils from Kathmandu, Nepal

Aichner

Glaser

Zech

2007

Organic Geochemistry

123

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“…This situation could conceivably arise from the much greater biological activity of the mangrove cf. mudflat environment (Marchand et al 2005), with accordingly the possibility of naphthalene biogenesis in the former (Wilcke, 2007;Krauss et al 2005). Table 6 reveals that perylene formed between 11.2% and 20.8% of the total PAH concentrations, (except for the Behai (2) sediment where this was only 2.0%).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Organic and metal contamination in surface mangrove sediments of South China

Vane

Harrison

Kim

et al. 2009

Marine Pollution Bulletin

129

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“…Uma quarta fonte potencial de HPAs está na síntese biogênica desses compostos. Acredita-se que a síntese de HPAs por microorganismos, plantas e animais seja uma fonte considerável em áreas remotas ou isoladas de fontes antropogênicas de contaminação (Krauss et al 2005). Em especial estão as regiões tropicais, que apesar de poucos dados com relação às zonas temperadas, parecem obter misturas distintas de HPAs .…”

Section: Características Geraisunclassified

“…Uma dessas evidências estaria na predominância de HPAs individuais como naftaleno, fenantreno e perileno, compostos esses considerados importantes indicadores da síntese natural de HPAs em regiões tropicais (Azuma et al 1996, Krauss et al 2005. A presença de HPAs como naftaleno e fenantreno é controversa em ambientes tropicais, tendo em vista suas características voláteis e de fácil degradação ambiental quando comparados com os HPAs de maior peso molecular.…”

Section: Características Geraisunclassified

Aspectos ecotoxicológicos de hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos

2007

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REsUmoHidrocarbonetos Policíclicos Aromáticos (HPAs) são considerados poluentes orgânicos prioritários em estudos ambientais. Algumas dessas substâncias podem ser consideradas precursoras de ações mutagênicas e tumorais em sistemas biológicos. HPAs são formados exclusivamente por átomos de carbono e hidrogênio e organizados sob a forma de anéis aromáticos fusionados entre si. Essa classe de substâncias tem sua origem na combustão incompleta da matéria orgânica regida principalmente por diferentes fatores físicos, como temperatura e pressão. O transporte de HPAs se dá principalmente através de material particulado fino atmosférico ou por meio aquoso, podendo atingir desta forma regiões distantes de suas origens. HPAs são altamente lipossolúveis e rapidamente absorvidos pelos pulmões, intestinos e pele de homens e animais. Uma vez absorvidos pelas células, os HPAs são metabolicamente ativados e, desta maneira, tornam-se reativos a grupos nuclofílicos presentes em macromoléculas celulares. A formação de adutos de DNA é considerada essencial na carcinogenicidade química desses xenobiontes. Consumidores de alimentos defumados, fumantes, indivíduos em contato com ambiente contaminado (i.e. água e ar), e trabalhadores ocupacionais expostos de forma direta a HPAs podem apresentar elevadas propensões ao desenvolvimento de tumores e câncer. Palavras-chave: HPA, benzo(a)pireno, ecotoxicologia, poluição, carcinogênico. aBsTRaCTECoToXIColoGY asPECTs FRom PolICIClIC aRomaTIC HYDRoCaRBons (PaH). Policiclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) are considered priority organic pollutants in environmental researches. Some of these substances can be considered mutagenic and tumors precursors in biologic systems. PAH are formed exclusively by carbon and hydrogen atoms consisting of two or more fused aromatic rings arrangements. PAH are originated from incomplete burning of organic matter leading by different physics factors as temperature and pressure parameters. PAH are transported mainly through fine particles in atmosphere or aquatic environment and can reach distant areas far from its origins. PAH are lipophilic compounds and quickly absorbed by lung, intestine and skin from human and animals. Once absorbed by cells, PAH are metabolic activated and this way becomes reactive to nucleophilic groups of cellular macromolecules. The formation of DNA adducts is considered essential in the chemical carcinogenic of these xenobiotic compounds. The consummers of smoked foods, people that smokes, live in contaminated environment (e.g. water and air), and occupational workers who are exposed in a direct form to PAH present the higher risks of tumors and cancer development.

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Atmospheric versus biological sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in a tropical rain forest environment

Cited by 134 publications

References 53 publications

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls in urban soils from Kathmandu, Nepal

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polychlorinated biphenyls in urban soils from Kathmandu, Nepal

Organic and metal contamination in surface mangrove sediments of South China

Aspectos ecotoxicológicos de hidrocarbonetos policíclicos aromáticos

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