Atom-probe study of phosphorus segregation to the carbide / matrix interface in an aged 9% chromium steel

Lundin, Lars; Richarz, Barbara

doi:10.1016/0169-4332(94)00519-2

Cited by 30 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…These observations were in agreement with Lundin et al's work, [ 47 ] where homogeneous distribution of boron against GB segregation in M 23 C 6 carbides was reported.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

The Synergistic Effects of Boron and Impression Creep Testing during Paced Controlling of Temperature for P91 Steels

Ахтар

Khajuria

2023

Adv Eng Mater

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This article induces the quadruple knowledge on effects of 100 ppm (P91B) and 22 ppm (P91) boron in as‐received 9Cr steels in normalized and tempered conditions (NT) and impression crept conditions (ICC). Herein, impression creep testing is improved through paced temperature to fast evaluate creep performance. P91B performs the utmost by advancing activation energy and 30% better creep life, leading to same targeted creep life to 574 °C than P91 at 550 °C. Further, it incisively discusses variations in microstructure, precipitate size, geometrically necessary dislocations (GNDs), pseudo‐rocking curve, grain size (GS), several types of grain boundaries (GBs), effective GB energy, and elastic stiffness. Novel phenomenological mechanisms like GB hardening/softening; antithetical mechanisms; boron‐dependent mosaicity; grain refinement/fragmentation/coarsening/homogenization; interaction among various types of GBs, triggering re/degeneration of dislocations and Σ boundaries as Σ reactions; super‐continuous and geometric dynamic recrystallizations; enhanced creep immunity of like‐oriented GBs than unlike oriented GBs; primary/secondary recrystallization; specialness; boron/NT/ICC‐dependent stiffness; high stiffness is dependent on low GNDs and big GS, and vice versa are observed. The synergistic effects of [100 ppm boron in NT/ICC] and ICC in manifestation of 22/100 ppm boron are ascertained. However, dependency [proportionally and antithetically] and independency of GB character on creep‐microstructural reciprocity discourse and converse into the mathematical relationship.

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“…These observations were in agreement with Lundin et al's work, [ 47 ] where homogeneous distribution of boron against GB segregation in M 23 C 6 carbides was reported.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 93%

The Synergistic Effects of Boron and Impression Creep Testing during Paced Controlling of Temperature for P91 Steels

Ахтар

Khajuria

2023

Adv Eng Mater

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“…5). As discussed above, boron was found in M 23 C 6 in NF616 [25][26][27][28][29]. No observations of M 3 B 2 have been reported in these steels, which is not too surprising, since only 0.05 wt% is calculated at 600°C for NF616.…”

Section: Analysis Of Improved Reduced-activation Steelsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Boron enters the M 23 C 6 lattice to form M 23 (C,B) 6 [25][26][27][28], and it has been credited with stabilizing the M 23 C 6 , thus decreasing the rate of coarsening at elevated temperatures [25][26][27][28]. Further, by stabilizing M 23 C 6 , boron also stabilizes the subgrain structure.…”

Section: Creep-strengthening Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced-activation steels: Future development for improved creep strength

Klueh

2008

Journal of Nuclear Materials

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“…At this point, the precise form of the phosphorus in these solids has not been determined, however, the presence of the phosphorus peak and the increase in the intensity of the oxygen peak are consistent with the expectation for the formation of a metal phosphate. Previous work has shown that phosphorus segregates in the grain boundaries of M 23 C 6 metal carbides [25] and iron-vanadium alloys [26] but this study did not determine the chemical form of the phosphorus. The incorporation of phosphate into the surface is consistent with TCP as a reactant and previous work which shows that phosphate esters are more reactive with oxidized forms of the metal [27].…”

Section: Scanning Electron Microscopymentioning

confidence: 97%

Interaction of Polyol Esters and Phosphate Esters with Metal Carbides

2011

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The need for higher performance in jet turbine engines has led to the development of alloys with greater hardness for use in bearings. The increased hardness is a result of carburizing of the surface which leads to a change in the surface chemistry through the formation of metal carbides. The authors have found that metal carbides react differently with the lubricants and additives than the oxides found on the surface of currently used alloys. Of particular concern is the observed reaction of the ester basestock with metal carbides in the presence of phosphate esters. The authors have found that metal carbides can catalyze the decomposition of hindered esters in the presence of aryl phosphates to give the component acids. Products of the reaction include free acids, phenyl esters, and dehydrogenated esters. This reaction is expected to rapidly degrade the performance of the oil due to both acid formation and viscosity breakdown. Examination of the remaining solid material indicates that phosphorus has been incorporated into the structure, presumable as phosphate.

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Atom-probe study of phosphorus segregation to the carbide / matrix interface in an aged 9% chromium steel

Cited by 30 publications

References 19 publications

The Synergistic Effects of Boron and Impression Creep Testing during Paced Controlling of Temperature for P91 Steels

The Synergistic Effects of Boron and Impression Creep Testing during Paced Controlling of Temperature for P91 Steels

Reduced-activation steels: Future development for improved creep strength

Interaction of Polyol Esters and Phosphate Esters with Metal Carbides

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