Atom transfer radical polymerization as a powerful tool in the synthesis of molecular brushes

Hadasha, Waled; Klumperman, Bert

doi:10.1002/pi.4697

Cited by 32 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 135 publications

(205 reference statements)

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“…Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is proven to be one of the most versatile reversible deactivation radical polymerization (RDRP) methods that enables the preparation of polymers with controlled molecular weights (MWs), narrow molecular weight distributions (M w /M n , MWDs), and targeted degrees of polymerization (DP) [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. The advent of low amount catalyst ATRP system, such as simplified electrochemically mediated ATRP (seATRP) [14] offers more environmentally friendly reaction conditions for the synthesis of polymers [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of cationic star polymers by simplified electrochemically mediated ATRP

Chmielarz¹

2016

Express Polym. Lett.

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Abstract. Cyclodextrin-based cationic star polymers were synthesized using β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) core, and 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) as hydrophilic arms. Star-shaped polymers were prepared via a simplified electrochemically mediated ATRP (seATRP) under potentiostatic and galvanostatic conditions. The polymerization results showed molecular weight (MW) evolution close to theoretical values, and maintained narrow molecular weight distribution (MWD) of obtained stars. The rate of the polymerizations was controlled by applying more positive potential values thereby suppressing star-star coupling reactions. Successful chain extension of the ω-functional arms with a hydrophobic n-butyl acrylate (BA) formed star block copolymers and confirmed the living nature of the β-CD-PDMAEMA star polymers prepared by seATRP. Novelty of this work is that the β-CD-PDMAEMA-b-PBA cationic star block copolymers were synthesized for the first time via seATRP procedure, utilizing only 40 ppm of catalyst complex. The results from 1 H NMR spectral studies support the formation of cationic star (co)polymers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of cationic star polymers by simplified electrochemically mediated ATRP

Chmielarz¹

2016

Express Polym. Lett.

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“…28,106,247,252 In addition to this, the Matyjaszewski and the Sheiko Groups showed that using additional quantities of the deactivator could improve the polymer brush by controlling the anticipated persistent radical effect. 223,247,265 The radicals can reversibly deactivate back to dormant polymer chains, which also means that the metal is reduced to the lower oxidation state. Table 2 shows a selection of the catalyst systems used in rest of this review.…”

Section: 263mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is important as it can reduce the amount of termination steps. 223,241 Due to the importance of ATRP in polymer brush development, it is further reviewed in the next section.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In comparison to the limit of the lms using 'graed to' methods (<100 nm thickness), the 'graing from' method can produce much thicker lms. atom transfer radical polymerisation, 3,27,181,[210][211][212]214,[221][222][223][224][225][226][227] and living ring opening polymerisations. 181,210,221 As ATRP is covered in depth its entirety is discussed in 3.2 Atom transfer radical polymerisation.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Challenges and developments of self-assembled monolayers and polymer brushes as a green lubrication solution for tribological applications

et al. 2015

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ab Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), after originally being investigated due to their functions in changing surface wettability, have been significantly developed over the years. Many types of SAMs have been developed on a variety of substrates. However their formation mechanism, rate and quality are found to be influenced by many factors. A range of SAMs including single-and multi-component are included in this review with focus on the nano and macro tribological properties. More recently, surface initiated polymer brushes, i.e. macromolecular assemblies attached to a substrate, have emerged to be an alternative and promising method for surface modification. The ability to tether these macromolecules to tribological contacts is key to their resistance to shear under loaded contacts. This review also covers atom transfer radical polymerisation (ATRP) and the role of this technique in developing new lubrication solutions. Particular care has been taken to include the development of lubrication solutions for silicon nitride due to the importance of this material as an engineering ceramic. This paper reviews the stateof-the-art development of SAMs and polymer brushes especially the potential opportunities and challenges in applying them in tribological contacts as a lubrication solution.

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“…Atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) is one of the most rapidly developing areas of polymer science, allowing to obtain effective control over molecular weights (MWs), narrow molecular weight distributions (MWDs), architectures, and well-defined compositions [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. However, normal ATRP has one significant limitation -it requires a large amount of the catalyst, which is sensitive to air and other oxidant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

PSt-b-PU-b-PSt copolymers using tetraphenylethane-urethane macroinitiator through SARA ATRP

Chmielarz¹,

Król²

2016

Express Polym. Lett.

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Abstract. The course of supplemental activator and reducing agent (SARA) atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) has been presented in the presence of Cu 0 . The novelty of this work is that SARA ATRP has been used for the first time to synthesize polystyrene-b-polyurethane-b-polystyrene copolymers by using tetraphenylethane-urethane macroinitiator as transitional products reacting with styrene in the presence of Cu II Br 2 /TPMA catalyst complex. The influence of copper surface area on the polymerization was examined. It was confirmed that in all cases, both the molecular weight of resulting copolymer increases linearly with increasing conversion as well as the value of ln([M] 0 /[M]) as a function of polymerization time increases linearly. A successful formation of the urethane-styrene copolymers was confirmed by NMR spectral studies.

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Atom transfer radical polymerization as a powerful tool in the synthesis of molecular brushes

Cited by 32 publications

References 135 publications

Synthesis of cationic star polymers by simplified electrochemically mediated ATRP

Synthesis of cationic star polymers by simplified electrochemically mediated ATRP

Challenges and developments of self-assembled monolayers and polymer brushes as a green lubrication solution for tribological applications

PSt-b-PU-b-PSt copolymers using tetraphenylethane-urethane macroinitiator through SARA ATRP

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