Atomic cation-vacancy engineering of two-dimensional nanosheets for energy-related applications

Abstract

Two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets delaminated from their layered parent crystals have shown great promise in energy-related applications, owing to their unique 2D features with atomic thickness, large specific surface area and...

Synthesis and advantages of spinel-type composites

“…137 Two-dimensional (2D) nanostructures, like nanofilms, nanoflakes, and nanosheets, can not only increase the number of active sites but also facilitate the efficient transfer of the reactive species due to their relatively large surface area. [138][139][140] Gong and co-workers synthesized Co 3 O 4 nanoflakes converted from 2D-MOFs on a flexible carbon textile (Co 3 O 4 /CT) through a facile liquid-phase deposition method and subsequent heat treatment. As the oxygen electrodes, the as-assembled Li-O 2 batteries delivered a capacity of 6509 mA h g À1 and long-term cycling stability, which could be attributed to their suitable binder-free structure and tailored properties that enhanced the mass transport and increased the electrical conductivity.…”

Dynamic evolution of electrocatalytic materials for Li–S batteries

“…The sulfur electrochemical reaction process demonstrates low electric and ionic conductivity, which would restrict the sulfur redox kinetics and reduce the corresponding conversion efficiency. 1,[86][87][88] Thus, incorporating electrocatalysts such as metals, 89,90 single-atom metals, [91][92][93] metal carbides, 62,94,95 metal sulfides 96 and composites [97][98][99] with high electric and ionic conductivity into sulfur cathodes promotes interfacial electron/ion transport to expedite the sulfur redox kinetics.…”

Time-averaged atomic volume spectrum: locating and identifying vacancies

“…For example, vacancy engineering is one of the core issues in the design and application of energy materials, such as oxygen vacancies in photocatalytic materials 7 and hydrogen storage materials, 8 vacancy creation in water electrolysis catalysts, 9 and cation vacancies in energy-related 2D nanosheets. 10 Since Frenkel 11 in 1926 and Wagner and Schottky 12 in 1930 independently proposed the mechanisms of vacancy formation, significant progress has been made in various areas related to vacancies. This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2024…”

“…For example, vacancy engineering is one of the core issues in the design and application of energy materials, such as oxygen vacancies in photocatalytic materials 7 and hydrogen storage materials, 8 vacancy creation in water electrolysis catalysts, 9 and cation vacancies in energy-related 2D nanosheets. 10 Since Frenkel 11 in 1926 and Wagner and Schottky 12 in 1930 independently proposed the mechanisms of vacancy formation, significant progress has been made in various areas related to vacancies. However, there are still many important scientific issues that urgently need to be re-examined, such as the most fundamental equilibrium concentration of vacancies and their equilibration pathway, 3,13–15 the exact interaction between vacancies and their sources and sinks, 16–19 and the ultra-high vacancy concentration in nanomaterials and its impact on other properties.…”