Atomic emission spectrometry of solid samples with laser vaporization-microwave induced plasma system

Ishizuka, T.; Uwamino, Yoshinori

doi:10.1021/ac50051a030

Cited by 57 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…6. It is known that the analytical performance of combined methods, where the laser is used only as atomizer and the excitation is accomplished in a secondary plasma (as for example a cross spark [9], a microwave induced plasma [11,19] or an inductively coupled plasma [20]), is superior to that of direct OES of the laserproduced plasma. At later times, however, only small temperature changes can be observed on the microsecond time scale.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Basic investigations for laser microanalysis: I. Optical emission spectrometry of laser-produced sample plumes

et al. 1989

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In order to find optimum conditions for laser ablation and atomization for analytical purposes, time resolved emission spectra of Nd:YAG laser-produced plasma plumes propagating into noble gas atmospheres of different pressures were measured with an optical multichannel analyzer. The time evolution of the plasma temperature was determined. Strong temperature changes were observed depending on the matrix composition. The analytical figures of merit of optical emission spectrometry (OES) of laser-produced sample plasmas were determined using, as examples, measurements of two analytes (silicon and chromium) in homogeneous and low-alloyed standard steel samples.The idea of using laser radiation for direct ablation and atomization of solid samples without going through the procedure of chemical sample preparation is already old. It came up when the first powerful laser systems became available [1] and many research groups took over the technique of laser atomization in the following years. In particular, the possibility, by tightly focussing of the laser beam, of atomizing microvolumes of the sample as in heavy ion beam sputtering, but independently of the conductivity of the sample material and the restriction of vacuum conditions above the sample surface, makes the method of laser ablation a fascinating tool. Numerous review articles were published on this topic. Without trying to rate these papers we wish to refer to only a few of the more recent ones [2][3][4][5].Despite many papers which were published on this subject (see refs.[2-5]), we have resumed the investigations of analytical applications of laser atomization which were started in our institute 20 years ago and carried out over a period of 10 years [6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. In the meantime there has been great progress in laser technology. Nowadays, the performance of commercial laser systems for atomization as well as of radiation detector systems is highly developed. Therefore, one may expect signifi-* To whom correspondence should be addressed t86 F. Leis et al.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Basic investigations for laser microanalysis: I. Optical emission spectrometry of laser-produced sample plumes

et al. 1989

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“…Of course, this principle is also valid in microanalysis applying laser atomization. With an appropriate time-delay, the laser-ablated plume can be reexcited by highvoltage sparks [1], microwave and radio-frequency discharges [2,3,4] or in an inductively coupled plasma [5,6]; the atomic absorption by the plume of narrow band-width radiation can be measured [7,8] or the atoms in the vapour cloud can be selectively excited by tunable, narrow band-width laser radiation in order to record the fluorescence photons. Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) is known as a very selective and sensitive method for spectrochemical analysis [9,10].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Basic investigations for laser microanalysis: II. Laser-induced fluorescence in laser-produced sample plumes

1989

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Abstract. Laser-induced fluorescence in laser-ablated standard steel samples was measured, in order to study the atomization and propagation properties of the plasma plume and the analytical figures of merit of the method. As an example, measurements were performed exciting silicon, chromium or boron atoms by pulsed dye laser radiation.Key words: laser microanalysis, laser ablation, laser-induced fluorescence.It is a basic principle in atomic spectrochemistry to separate the atomization from the excitation step. By this, the atomization as well as the excitation conditions can be optimized independently, in order to improve the analytical power of a method. Of course, this principle is also valid in microanalysis applying laser atomization. With an appropriate time-delay, the laser-ablated plume can be reexcited by highvoltage sparks [1], microwave and radio-frequency discharges [2,3,4] or in an inductively coupled plasma [5,6]; the atomic absorption by the plume of narrow band-width radiation can be measured [7,8] or the atoms in the vapour cloud can be selectively excited by tunable, narrow band-width laser radiation in order to record the fluorescence photons. Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) is known as a very selective and sensitive method for spectrochemical analysis [9,10]. Therefore, we may expect lower detection limits than obtained by OES of the laser-produced sample plasma (see preceding paper [11]). Furthermore, it is the purpose of the present paper to investigate the atomization process and the propagation of the plasma plume in dependence on the experimental parameters by probing the atoms in the observation region in its ground and excited states by LIF and to give the analytical figures of merit of LIF in a laser-produced plasma. For basic studies of the analytical figures of merit (e.g. accuracy, reproducibility, linearity and dynamic range) of a method which is intended for microanalysis, homogeneous bulk material is required. Therefore we used standard steel samples as in the work on OES of

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“…The moderate detection limits of around 1012 atoms/cm' (Ishizuka and Uwamino, 1980) make LIBS a relatively insensitive spectroscopic technique. However, it has several advantages over conventional methods of sample vaporisation (ie, hollow cathode discharges, arcs, sparks and plasmas of various forms).…”

Section: Laser-induced Breakdown Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Materials analysis using laser-based spectroscopic techniques

Goddard

1991

Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control

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In this paper several laser-based spectroscopic methods capable of detecting low concentrations of a particular element are described, with particular emphasis on the contrasting techniques of Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS), and Resonance Ionisation Mass Spectroscopy (RIMS). Simple mathematical treatments, based on thermodynamic considerations and rate equation models, are given for both systems, allowing semiquantitative analysis from the magnitudes of observed signals. Experimental results are presented for both methods. For LIBS these include the determination of the concentration of alloy constituents, the detection of surface contaminants and the use of measured line intensities to calculate electron temperatures in laserproduced plasmas. For RIMS, detection of the geologically important element rhenium (Re) was accomplished in the gas phase at a level of 4 x 10 8 atoms/cm 3 , and the relative proportions of the stable isotopes 185 Re and 187 Re were measured with the use of a quadrupole mass filter. In addition, an optogalvanic system is described, which was used to calibrate the wavelength of the RIMS resonance to an accuracy of 0.013 nm.

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Atomic emission spectrometry of solid samples with laser vaporization-microwave induced plasma system

Cited by 57 publications

References 19 publications

Basic investigations for laser microanalysis: I. Optical emission spectrometry of laser-produced sample plumes

Basic investigations for laser microanalysis: I. Optical emission spectrometry of laser-produced sample plumes

Basic investigations for laser microanalysis: II. Laser-induced fluorescence in laser-produced sample plumes

Materials analysis using laser-based spectroscopic techniques

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