Atomic Force Microscopy and X‐ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Investigation of the Onset of Reactions on Alkali Silicate Glass Surfaces

Rudd, G.; Garofalini, Stephen H.; Hensley, David A.; Mate, C. Mathew

doi:10.1111/j.1151-2916.1993.tb03981.x

Cited by 22 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The role of CO 2 for example in standard air is of huge importance in corrosion reactions with (alkali) silicate glasses surfaces. Experiments using AFM and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy [51] revealed indeed that the combined presence of water vapor and carbon dioxide strongly reinforces the reactivity of the alkali silicate surface as compared with a bare water vapor atmosphere. In both cases the magnitude of the surface corrosion effect was found to increase in the order lithium << sodium << potassium.…”

Section: Ivb the Role Of The Sodium Cations In The Observed Diffusing...mentioning

confidence: 98%

Stress-enhanced ion diffusion at the vicinity of a crack tip as evidenced by atomic force microscopy in silicate glasses

Célarié

Ciccotti

Marlière

2007

Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids

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The slow advance of a crack in soda-silicate glasses was studied at nanometer scale by in-situ and real-time atomic force microscopy (AFM) in a well-controlled atmosphere. An enhanced diffusion of sodium ions in the stress-gradient field at the sub-micrometric vicinity of the crack tip was revealed through several effects: growth of nodules in AFM height images, changes in the AFM tip–sample energy dissipation. The nodules patterns revealed a dewetting phenomenon evidenced by ‘breath figures'. Complementary chemical micro-analyses were done. These experimental results were explained by a two-step process: (i) a fast migration (typical time: few milliseconds) of sodium ions towards the fracture surfaces as proposed by Langford et al. [J. Mat. Res. 6 (1991) 1358], (ii) a slow backwards diffusion of the cations as evidenced in these AFM experiments (typical time: few minutes). Measurements of the diffusion coefficient of that relaxing process were done at room temperature. Our results strengthen the theoretical concept of a near-surface structural relaxation due to the stress-gradient at the vicinity of the crack tip. The inhomogeneous migration of sodium ions might be a direct experimental evidence of the presence of sodium-rich channels in the silicate structure [A. Meyer et al., Phys. Rev. Let. 93 (2004) 027801]

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Section: Ivb the Role Of The Sodium Cations In The Observed Diffusing...mentioning

confidence: 98%

Stress-enhanced ion diffusion at the vicinity of a crack tip as evidenced by atomic force microscopy in silicate glasses

Célarié

Ciccotti

Marlière

2007

Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids

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“…We assume that the adventitious surface hydrocarbons (C-C, C-O and COOH) will desorb during the initial outgassing of the fiber samples in the IGC at 100 o C. But the C1s spectrum also reveals that ~0.8 atomic % of the carbon is in the form of carbonate. Based on XPS data in Table 1, sodium is the most favorable modifier species for carbonate formation [24]. Assuming the stoichiometry of sodium carbonate, it can be inferred that ~1.6 atomic % of the Na is associated with the carbonate phase on the surface (crystals based on electron microscopy) and 8.2 atomic % Na is retained in the surface of the glass.…”

Section: Computer Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the case of these hydrolytically reactive alkali-silica surfaces, reactions with humidity can further modify the surface. Of particular relevance here is the formation of carbonate salts on the surface during processing and storage due to atmospheric weathering [4][5][6][7][8]. This can deplete the alkali through an ion exchange reaction with water to create a hydrated surface layer and sodium-carbonate reaction products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization and reactivity of sodium aluminoborosilicate glass fiber surfaces

Rivera

Бакаев

Banerjee

et al. 2016

Applied Surface Science

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Multicomponent complex oxides, such as sodium aluminoborosilicate glass fibers, are important materials used for thermal insulation in buildings and homes. Although the surface properties of single oxides, such as silica, have been extensively studied, less is known about the distribution of reactive sites at the surface of multicomponent oxides. Here, we investigated the reactivity of sodium aluminoborosilicate glass fiber surfaces for better understanding of their interface chemistry and bonding with acrylic polymers. Acetic acid (with and without a 13 C enrichment) was used as a probe representative of the carboxylic functional groups in many acrylic polymers and adhesives. Inverse gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer (IGC-MS), and solid state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), were used to characterize the fiber surface reactions and surface chemical structure. In this way, we discovered that both sodium ions in the glass surface, as well as sodium carbonate salts that formed on the surface due to the intrinsic reactivity of this glass in humid air, are primary sites of interaction with the carboxylic acid. Surface analysis by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed the presence of sodium carbonates on these surfaces. Computer simulations of the interactions between the reactive sites on the glass fiber surface with acetic acid were performed to evaluate energetically favorable reactions. The adsorption reactions with sodium in the glass structure provide adhesive bonding sites, whereas the reaction with the sodium carbonate consumes the acid to form sodium-carboxylate, H 2 O and CO 2 without any contribution to chemical bonding at the interface.

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“…The force which is necessary to break the contact depends on the sample and can serve for material characterization. 57,60,71,72 The great advantage over conventional indenters is that AFM can provide information also on thin coatings, as the indentation depth and load can be much smaller. Besides the thin liquid water film present in laboratory air, other contaminant layers and lubricants can disturb the measurement and lead to additional kinks in the force -distance curve.…”

Section: Local Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Microscopy of Coatings

Rädlein¹

2000

Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry

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Fundamental research on films and the development and optimization of coatings are not possible without high‐resolution imaging. This article describes the advantages and disadvantages of the newly introduced scanning probe microscopy (SPM) in comparison with well‐established microscopy techniques with light and particles [e.g. scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM)], which are limited by the diffraction limit, i.e. 200 nm for conventional light microscopy and 4 nm for SEM. This limit does not hold for SPM, which uses near‐field interactions for imaging. Thus, even simple atoms or molecules can be resolved on well‐ordered structures by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) or atomic force microscopy (AFM). Both possess an extremely good height sensitivity of 0.02 nm. 1 In the constant‐height operation mode, AFM can detect vertical forces as low as 10 −15 –10 −4 N. Atomic resolution is not always possible or not always necessary for many practical applications; a lateral resolution of a few nanometers is sufficient. Besides the capability of achieving this value with ease, simple sample preparation, versatile environmental conditions and observation of reactions in situ are advantages of STM and AFM. Especially AFM has proved to be a useful technique for investigating coatings, because it is independent of conductivity and provides topographic data together with information on structure, local variations of mechanical properties and surface alterations in different media. However, some artifacts and restrictions have to be considered which can differ considerably from customary electron micrographs with comparable resolutions, such as onset overswing and tip convolution. Microscopy helps in solving coating problems according to substrate quality, nucleation, wettability, thickness, roughness, microstructure, crystal phases (texture, orientation), lateral and vertical homogeneity, density, porosity, interfaces, adhesion, hardness, stress, scratch and abrasion resistance, tribology, wear and corrosion. Practical examples of microscopy results on these questions are presented together with suitable preparation methods and interpretation of artifacts.

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Atomic Force Microscopy and X‐ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy Investigation of the Onset of Reactions on Alkali Silicate Glass Surfaces

Cited by 22 publications

References 14 publications

Stress-enhanced ion diffusion at the vicinity of a crack tip as evidenced by atomic force microscopy in silicate glasses

Stress-enhanced ion diffusion at the vicinity of a crack tip as evidenced by atomic force microscopy in silicate glasses

Characterization and reactivity of sodium aluminoborosilicate glass fiber surfaces

Microscopy of Coatings

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