Atomic Force Microscopy and X‐Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy of Lead(II) Membrane Electrode Based on Dithiodibenzoic Acid as Ionophore

Abstract

The use of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ionic liquid [C 4 mim] [PF 6 ] as additive in a Pb(II) plastic membrane electrode increased significantly the selectivity of the sensor. Atomic force microscopy and depth profiling X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were applied to investigate the compositional and morphological changes of the surface and bulk of the membrane during the conditioning process of the electrode.

Depth profiling X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy of Cd(ii)- and Pb(ii)-selective electrodes based on nano metal sulfides

“…This was most likely due to leaching of the ionophore into the bathing solution and partial degradation of the polymeric network. These results are confirmed by the roughness parameters of the surfaces of the three membranes given in Table 4 and agree with previously-obtained results for Pb( ii )- 29 and Cu( ii )- 30 electrodes based on coordination compounds as ionophores.…”

“…1.12 Â 10 À6 to 1.00 Â 10 À2 7.55 Â 10 À7 33.5 22 1.00 Â 10 À6 to 1.00 Â 10 À2 7.50 Â 10 À7 28.0 29 1.00 Â 10 À6 to 1.00 Â 10 À2 3.16 Â 10 À7 28.0 36 8.51 Â 10 À7 to 1.00 Â 10 À2 4.22 Â 10 À7 33.0 44 7.94 Â 10 À7 to 1.00 Â 10 À2 3.98 Â 10 À7 27.0…”