“…Prior to this, each block was treated with a piranha solution, consisting of H 2 SO 4 :H 2 O 2 at a 3:1 volume ratio, and maintained at a temperature between 70-80 • C for 5 min to slightly roughen its surface for further improvement of metal coating adhesive strength. Ag nanoparticles were grown by the "silver mirror" method in a mixture of basic solution (4 mL), reducing solution (1 mL), and ethanol (1 mL) [11,25]. Basic and reducing solutions were water solutions of 0.07 M AgNO 3 , 0.2 M NaOH, 0.6 M NH 3 , and 0.4 M C 4 H 4 KNaO 6 •4H 2 O, respectively.…”