Atomic oxygen and hydrogen loss coefficient on functionalized polyethylene terephthalate, polystyrene, and polytetrafluoroethylene polymers

Zaplotnik, Rok; Vesel, Alenka

doi:10.1002/ppap.201800021

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 24 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The surface loss coefficient for such materials approaches unity because the atoms become trapped in pores where they experience many collisions with the surface, so they are likely to recombine to parent molecules before they can escape from the surface to the gas phase. The loss coefficient for polymers is typically between 10 −3 and 10 −2 at room temperature (see [30] and references thereafter), but little work has been performed on the evaluation of the loss rate at elevated temperatures. The loss coefficients on surfaces facing an active plasma may also increase by the fluxes of positive ions and UV and/or VUV radiation [23].…”

Section: Specificities Of Low-pressure Plasmasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foundations of plasma surface functionalization of polymers for industrial and biological applications

Booth

Vesel

Nikiforov

et al. 2022

Plasma Sources Sci. Technol.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Polymer materials are widely employed in many fields due to the ease with which they can be formed into complex shapes, their versatile mechanical properties, light weight, and low cost. However, many applications can be hindered by the chemical compatibility of the polymer surface, which is generally hydrophobic and bonds poorly to other media such as paints, glues, metals and biological samples. While polymer surfaces can be treated by wet chemical processes, the aggressive reagents employed are detrimental to the environment, limiting the range of modifications that can be achieved in an industrial context . Plasma functionalisation is an attractive alternative, offering great versatility in the processed surface characteristics, and often using only environmentally benign rare gases, oxygen and nitrogen, as well as organic precursors. Since the modified surface is only a few monolayers thick, the processes are extremely rapid and low in cost. The first industrial process to be developed was plasma oxidation, increasing the surface energy of the polymer to allow adhesion of paint, glue and metal to the component. This polymer surface functionalisation can be achieved with both low-pressure plasmas and with atmospheric pressure discharges. Subsequently many other processes have emerged, allowing other functional groups to be grafted, including amines, hydroxyl and carboxylic acid groups. Plasma polymerisation, starting from gaseous monomers, allows a whole new family of surface chemistries to be created. These processes have many exciting applications in the biomedical field due to the control they give on biocompatibility and selective interaction with living cells. This article will present the fundamentals of plasma interactions with polymers, the plasma devices employed (both at low-pressure and at atmospheric pressure), their advantages and drawbacks, and a range of current and future applications.

show abstract

Section: Specificities Of Low-pressure Plasmasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foundations of plasma surface functionalization of polymers for industrial and biological applications

Booth

Vesel

Nikiforov

et al. 2022

Plasma Sources Sci. Technol.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The factor γ in Equation (2) is the coefficient for heterogeneous surface recombination of atoms on the polymer surface, and W D /2 is half of the dissociation energy of the parent molecule. The dissociation energy for oxygen molecules is 5.2 eV, and the probability for heterogeneous surface recombination on a smooth polymer surface is around 10 −3 [ 16 ].…”

Section: Theoretical Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plasma Activation of Polyethylene Powder

Šourková

Špatenka

2020

Polymers

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Polyethylene powder of average particle diameter of 160 µm was activated in a plasma reactor made from aluminum of volume 64 dm3 at the pressure 100 Pa. Dense oxygen plasma was sustained with a microwave discharge powered by a pulsed magnetron source of power 1 kW mounted onto the top flange of the plasma reactor. Polymer powder was treated in a batch mode with 0.25 kg/batch. The powder was placed into a stainless-steel dish mounted in the center of the reactor where diffusing plasma of low ion density, and the O-atom density of 2 × 1021 m−3 was sustained. The powder was stirred in the dish at the rate of 40 rpm. The evolution of powder wettability versus treatment time was measured using the Washburne method, and the surface composition was determined by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). The wettability versus the oxygen concentration assumed a parabolic behavior. The maximal oxygen concentration, as revealed by XPS, was 17.5 at. %, and the maximal increase of wettability was 220%. The efficiency of O-atoms utilization in these experimental conditions was about 10% taking into account the spherical geometry of dust particles and perfectly smooth surface. The method is scalable to large industrial systems.

show abstract

“…Extensive recombination also appeared on the path between plasma and the RGA-this connection was narrow, thus numerous collisions of gaseous species with the surface of the steel tube appeared. The recombination coefficients for polymeric materials were rather low [23], but for H atoms on stainless steel, the probability of surface recombination was close to 0.1 [24]; thus, very few H atoms created in plasma could enter the RGA. As a result, the H 2 signal prevails in Figure 4.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Deposition of SiOxCyHz Protective Coatings on Polymer Substrates in an Industrial-Scale PECVD Reactor

et al. 2019

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The deposition of protective coatings on aluminised polymer substrates by a plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition PECVD technique in a plasma reactor with a volume of 5 m3 was studied. HMDSO was used as a precursor. Plasma was sustained in a capacitively coupled radiofrequency (RF) discharge powered by an RF generator operating at 40 kHz and having an adjustable output power up to 8 kW. Gaseous plasma was characterised by residual gas mass spectrometry and optical emission spectroscopy. Polymer samples with an average roughness of approximately 5 nm were mounted into the plasma reactor and subjected to a protocol for activation, metallisation and deposition of the protective coating. After depositing the protective coating, the samples were characterised by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The combination of various techniques for plasma and coating characterisation provided insight into the complex gas-phase and surface reactions upon deposition of the protective coatings in the industrial-size plasma reactor.

show abstract

Atomic oxygen and hydrogen loss coefficient on functionalized polyethylene terephthalate, polystyrene, and polytetrafluoroethylene polymers

Cited by 13 publications

References 24 publications

Foundations of plasma surface functionalization of polymers for industrial and biological applications

Foundations of plasma surface functionalization of polymers for industrial and biological applications

Plasma Activation of Polyethylene Powder

Deposition of SiOxCyHz Protective Coatings on Polymer Substrates in an Industrial-Scale PECVD Reactor

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About