Atomic Precision Graphene Model Compound for Bright Electrochemiluminescence and Organic Light-Emitting Diodes

Abstract

An N-annulated perylene diimide dimer, tPDI 2 Nhex, a graphene model compound with atomic precision, was investigated for luminescence applications. Electrochemiluminescence (ECL) of tPDI 2 N-hex was studied with tri-n-propylamine (TPrA) as a reducing coreactant. ECL-voltage curves along with spooling ECL spectra provided details of light generation mechanisms. The relative ECL quantum efficiency of the Ru(bpy) 3 (PF 6 ) 2 /TPrA system was calculated to be 64%, which is superior to that of many other organic molecules because of the desired excited state in the absence of surface states. An organic light-emitting diode (OLED) fabricated with tPDI 2 N-hex displayed bright orange-red emission with a low color temperature, which is very desirable. It is plausible that the sterically constrained and thus orthogonal aromatic moieties in the tPDI 2 N-hex structure, with atomic precision graphene layer characteristics, lead to the excellent luminescence performances. The ECL and OLED studies of tPDI 2 N-hex showcase great application potentials of tPDI 2 Nhex in both solution-based ECL probes and solid-state light devices.

Insights into enhanced electrochemiluminescence of a multiresonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence molecule

“…1,2 Intelligently combined with electrochemistry and chemiluminescence, ECL has wide application within the fields of sensing and imaging. [4][5][6][7][8] Numerous classes of ECL luminophores (ECLphores) have been reported and their ECL mechanisms studied, including phosphorescent metal complexes, [9][10][11] organic molecules [12][13][14] and nanomaterials. [15][16][17][18][19] For example, [Ru(bpy) 3 ] 2+ , the most widely employed ECLphore, is usually used as the gold standard to determine relative ECL efficiency.…”

Mass spectrometric detection of fleeting neutral intermediates generated in electrochemical reactions

“…Based on the EC-NR-MS platform, the electrooxidation processes of tri-n-propylamine (TPrA), 2-(dibutylamino)ethanol (DBAE) and triethanolamine (TEOA) were monitored in real time. Although these tertiary amines have been widely used as co-reactants in electrochemiluminescence [21][22][23] and electron donors in photocatalysis, 24,25 their neutral radical intermediates species cannot be directly detected with the traditional techniques. 11,26 Fig.…”

Electrochemiluminescent immunoassay enhancement driven by carbon nanotubes

“…† A possible explanation for the observed effect is associated with the previously observed ability of CNTs to promote the efficient anodic oxidation of amines and other substrates. 37,[49][50][51][52][53] As shown in Fig. 1A and according to the mechanism outlined above (remote ECL, eqn (1)-( 6)), the ECL signal depends entirely on the direct oxidation of TPrA.…”