Atomic Resolution Observation of the Oxidation of Niobium Oxide Nanowires: Implications for Renewable Energy Applications

Betzler, Sophia B.; Koh, Ai Leen; Lotsch, Bettina V.; Sinclair, Robert; Scheu, Christina

doi:10.1021/acsanm.0c01952

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Similar results are also reported by Betzler et al during studying the oxidation of NbO nanowires to T-Nb 2 O 5 using environmental TEM . Those dislocations may provide additional lithium storage capacity. , The porosity characteristics of the samples were studied by nitrogen adsorption isotherms and pore size distribution measurements (Figure S8). The average pore diameter and BET specific surface area values are ∼15, 18.8, 30.2, and 8.2 nm and 17.1, 10.2, 6.3, and 1.8 m 2 g –1 for Nb 2 O 5 -550, Nb 2 O 5 -650, Nb 2 O 5 -750, and Nb 2 O 5 -850 samples, respectively.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Similar results are also reported by Betzler et al during studying the oxidation of NbO nanowires to T-Nb 2 O 5 using environmental TEM. 48 Those dislocations may provide additional lithium storage capacity. 48,49 The porosity characteristics of the samples were studied by nitrogen adsorption isotherms and pore size distribution measurements (Figure S8).…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…48 Those dislocations may provide additional lithium storage capacity. 48,49 The porosity characteristics of the samples were studied by nitrogen adsorption isotherms and pore size distribution measurements (Figure S8). .…”

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Nanoscale Phase Engineering in Two-Dimensional Niobium Pentoxide Anodes toward Excellent Electrochemical Lithium Storage

Zhang

Shen

Qian

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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Niobium pentoxide (Nb 2 O 5 ) material is a promising anode for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) due to the outstanding cycle performance and rate capability. However, the relatively low capacity severely limits the comprehensive performance. Generally, nanoscale engineering of the morphology and chemical composition of Nb 2 O 5 anodes is employed to improve electrochemical lithium storage. In this work, we promote the reservable capacity of a sheetlike Nb 2 O 5 anode by designing nanoscale phase interfaces between the nanodomains of T-Nb 2 O 5 , M-Nb 2 O 5 , and H-Nb 2 O 5 phases, which are generated by good control over the calcination of Nb 3 O 7 F precursor at high temperatures. Microstructural and chemical analyses show that the sample calcined at 750 °C (Nb 2 O 5 -750) has optimized structural advantages to efficiently store lithium ions. When evaluated as anodes for LIBs, the Nb 2 O 5 -750 sample shows excellent lithium storage properties. In specific, the Nb 2 O 5 -750 electrode delivers a reversible capacity of 270.4 mAh g −1 at 1C after 200 cycles. At a high rate of 5C, the Nb 2 O 5 -750 electrode has a reversible capacity of 174 mAh g −1 after 800 cycles. This work provides an alternative way to improve the ion storage in the electrodes with intrinsic polymorphic structures.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: ■ Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nanoscale Phase Engineering in Two-Dimensional Niobium Pentoxide Anodes toward Excellent Electrochemical Lithium Storage

Zhang

Shen

Qian

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Energy Mater.

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“…Instead, the broad peaks resemble those found in the EEL spectrum reported in the literature for NbO 2 (Nb 4+ ). 45 − 47 The slight shift of the Nb-M 2,3 lines toward higher energy loss for UV– white P compared to UV+ white P suggests that the metal centers are less reduced for UV– white P . A possible mixture of Nb 4+ and Nb 5+ for the UV– white P is likely and in the case of Nb 4+ being the dominant species explaining the missing typical shoulder in the M 2 and M 3 peaks.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Effects of the Photochromic Response and Crystallization on the Local Structure of Noncrystalline Niobium Oxide

Onur,

Lee,

Aymerich-Armengol

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Niobium oxide (Nb 2 O 5 ) is a versatile semiconductor material with photochromic properties. This study investigates the local structure of noncrystalline, short-rangeordered niobium oxide synthesized via a sol−gel method. X-ray atomic pair distribution function analysis unravels the structural arrangements within the noncrystalline materials at a local scale. In the following, in situ scattering and diffraction experiments elucidate the heat-induced structure transformation of the amorphous material into crystalline TT-Nb 2 O 5 at 550 °C. In addition, the effect of photocatalytic conditions on the structure of the material was investigated by exposing the short-range-ordered and crystalline materials to ultraviolet light, resulting in a reversible color change from white to dark brown or blue. This photochromic response is due to the reversible elongation of the nearest Nb−O neighbors, as shown by local structure analysis based on in situ PDF analyses. Optical band gap calculations based on the ultraviolet−visible spectra collected for both the short-range-ordered and crystalline materials show that the band gap values reduced for the darkened materials return to their initial state after bleaching. Furthermore, electron energy loss spectroscopy reveals the reduction of Nb 5+ to Nb 4+ centers as a persistent effect. The study establishes a correlation between the band gap and the structure of niobium oxide, providing insights into the structure-performance relation at the atomic level.

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“…Thermal oxidation of metallic nanoparticles is a fundamental gas–solid reaction, with significant scientific and technological impact in a broad range of applications including catalysis, − energy storage, − nanomaterial fabrication, , and so forth. In particular, the oxidation of metal nanocatalysts, desired or unwanted, plays a significant role in catalyst activation, operation, deactivation, and regeneration. , Besides that nickel (Ni) nanoparticles are widely used in catalytic chemical industries, , the advantage of Ni nanoparticle oxidation producing only one stable oxide phase without extra transformations of various oxidation states makes this a fundamentally important model system.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

In Situ Studies of Single-Nanoparticle-Level Nickel Thermal Oxidation: From Early Oxide Nucleation to Diffusion-Balanced Oxide Thickening

Sainju

Rathnayake

et al. 2022

ACS Nano

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High-temperature oxidation mechanisms of metallic nanoparticles have been extensively investigated; however, it is challenging to determine whether the kinetic modeling is applicable at the nanoscale and how the differences in nanoparticle size influence the oxidation mechanisms. In this work, we study thermal oxidation of pristine Ni nanoparticles ranging from 4 to 50 nm in 1 bar 1%O2/N2 at 600 °C using in situ gas-cell environmental transmission electron microscopy. Real-space in situ oxidation videos revealed an unexpected nanoparticle surface refacetting before oxidation and a strong Ni nanoparticle size dependence, leading to distinct structural development during the oxidation and different final NiO morphology. By quantifying the NiO thickness/volume change in real space, individual nanoparticle-level oxidation kinetics was established and directly correlated with nanoparticle microstructural evolution with specified fast and slow oxidation directions. Thus, for the size-dependent Ni nanoparticle oxidation, we propose a unified oxidation theory with a two-stage oxidation process: stage 1: dominated by the early NiO nucleation (Avrami–Erofeev model) and stage 2: the Wagner diffusion-balanced NiO shell thickening (Wanger model). In particular, to what extent the oxidation would proceed into stage 2 dictates the final NiO morphology, which depends on the Ni starting radius with respect to the critical thickness under given oxidation conditions. The overall oxidation duration is controlled by both the diffusivity of Ni2+ in NiO and the Ni in Ni self-diffusion. We also compare the single-particle kinetic curve with the collective one and discuss the effects of nanoparticle size differences on kinetic model analysis.

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Atomic Resolution Observation of the Oxidation of Niobium Oxide Nanowires: Implications for Renewable Energy Applications

Cited by 5 publications

References 47 publications

Nanoscale Phase Engineering in Two-Dimensional Niobium Pentoxide Anodes toward Excellent Electrochemical Lithium Storage

Nanoscale Phase Engineering in Two-Dimensional Niobium Pentoxide Anodes toward Excellent Electrochemical Lithium Storage

Exploring the Effects of the Photochromic Response and Crystallization on the Local Structure of Noncrystalline Niobium Oxide

In Situ Studies of Single-Nanoparticle-Level Nickel Thermal Oxidation: From Early Oxide Nucleation to Diffusion-Balanced Oxide Thickening

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