Atomic-Scale Surface Demixing in a Eutectic Liquid BiSn Alloy

Shpyrko, Oleg; Grigoriev, Alexei; Streitel, Reinhard; Pontoni, Diego; Pershan, Peter S.; Deutsch, Moshe; Ocko, B. M.; Meron, Mati; Lin, Binhua

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.95.106103

Cited by 59 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…This is the only metal for which this type of low angle oscillation has been observed; however, the literature contains many instances in which liquid metal alloys are known to form nano-meter scale atomic clusters. 33 Although there is not any data to confirm $40 Å scale clusters in liquid Pd 82 Ge 18 the idea that such clusters exist and segregate to the surface is the only explanation that we have been able to think of that might explain these low angle oscillations.…”

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confidence: 84%

“…4). The effect can be seen in the low angle reflectivity measurement of Pd 82 Ge 18 , which is shown in Fig. 5.…”

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confidence: 92%

“…2 is an example of one of the phenomena that can be studied. 18 According to Gibbs, the fact that Bi has a lower surface tension (378 mN/m) than Sn (567 mN/m) should cause Bi to segregate at the surface. This can be quantitatively measured by studying the reflectivity as a function of x-ray energy.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…5. R(q z )/R F (q z ) data for the Pd 82 Ge 18 eutectic alloy. The inset shows the full range of the measured reflectivity while the main portion shows only the small angle portion.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Review of the highlights of X-ray studies of liquid metal surfaces

Pershan

2014

Journal of Applied Physics

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Glass transition and atomic structures in supercooled GaReview of the highlights of X-ray studies of liquid metal surfaces X-ray studies of the interface between liquid metals and their coexisting vapor are reviewed. After a brief discussion of the few elemental liquid metals for which the surface Debye-Waller effect is sufficiently weak to allow measurement, this paper will go on to discuss the various types of surface phenomena that have been observed for liquid metal alloys. These include surface adsorption, surface freezing, surface aggregation of nm size atomic clusters, and surface chemistry that leads to new 3D crystalline phases. V C 2014 AIP Publishing LLC. [http://dx

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mentioning

confidence: 84%

“…4). The effect can be seen in the low angle reflectivity measurement of Pd 82 Ge 18 , which is shown in Fig. 5.…”

mentioning

confidence: 92%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5. R(q z )/R F (q z ) data for the Pd 82 Ge 18 eutectic alloy. The inset shows the full range of the measured reflectivity while the main portion shows only the small angle portion.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review of the highlights of X-ray studies of liquid metal surfaces

Pershan

2014

Journal of Applied Physics

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“…The resonant effect originates mostly from tightly bound inner electrons, with strong variation of the atomic scattering factor near the edges [17,18]. Electronic transition and hence atomic scattering factor of probed elements get modified due to local chemical environment.…”

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confidence: 99%

Optical Response Near the Soft X-Ray Absorption Edges and Structural Studies of Low Optical Contrast System Using Soft X-Ray Resonant Reflectivity

Nayak

Lodha

2011

Journal of Atomic, Molecular, and Optical Physics

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Fine structure features of energy-dependent atomic scattering factor near the atomic absorption edge, are used for structural analysis of low-Z containing thin film structures. The scattering contrast undergoes large and abrupt change as the incident photon energy approaches the natural frequency of the atom and is sensitive to variation in atomic composition and atomic density. Soft X-ray resonant reflectivity is utilized for determination of composition at the buried interfaces with subnanometer sensitivity. This is demonstrated through characterization of Mo/Si multilayers near Si L-edge. We also demonstrate the possibility of probing variation of atomic density in thin films, through the characterization of Fe/B 4 C structure, near B K-edge. Sensitivity of soft X-ray resonant reflectivity to native oxide is demonstrated through characterization of BN films near B K-edge.

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Surface Enrichment in Gallium‐Indium Liquid Alloys: Applied to CO₂ Conversion

Gholampoursaadi,

Zhi,

Nour

et al. 2024

Adv Funct Materials

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Liquid metal alloys can accumulate specific solute metal atoms on their surface, creating distinct quasi‐ordered atomic layers. Such atomic layers can be tuned by varying the alloy composition to form catalytic interfaces suited for multi‐step reactions. Here, the surface enrichment in gallium‐indium alloys is studied and utilized for carbon dioxide (CO2) electrochemical reduction. The results show that adding a small amount of indium (16.8 at%) to gallium leads to a significant indium enrichment of >83 at% on the topmost layer of the alloy. This enrichment dictates the CO2 conversion pathway, leading to 98% faradaic efficiency toward formate at −1.90 V vs reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE). This study produces unprecedented insights into key interfacial processes and lays the foundation for significant further work within the areas of catalysis and liquid metals.

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Atomic-Scale Surface Demixing in a Eutectic Liquid BiSn Alloy

Abstract: Published Version

Cited by 59 publications

References 38 publications

Review of the highlights of X-ray studies of liquid metal surfaces

Review of the highlights of X-ray studies of liquid metal surfaces

Optical Response Near the Soft X-Ray Absorption Edges and Structural Studies of Low Optical Contrast System Using Soft X-Ray Resonant Reflectivity

Surface Enrichment in Gallium‐Indium Liquid Alloys: Applied to CO₂ Conversion

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Atomic-Scale Surface Demixing in a Eutectic Liquid BiSn Alloy

Abstract: Published Version

Cited by 59 publications

References 38 publications

Review of the highlights of X-ray studies of liquid metal surfaces

Review of the highlights of X-ray studies of liquid metal surfaces

Optical Response Near the Soft X-Ray Absorption Edges and Structural Studies of Low Optical Contrast System Using Soft X-Ray Resonant Reflectivity

Surface Enrichment in Gallium‐Indium Liquid Alloys: Applied to CO2 Conversion

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Product

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Surface Enrichment in Gallium‐Indium Liquid Alloys: Applied to CO₂ Conversion