Atomic-Scale Visualization of Inertial Dynamics

Lindenberg, A. M.; Larsson, Jörgen; Sokolowski‐Tinten, K.; Gaffney, Kelly J.; Blome, C.; Synnergren, Ola; Sheppard, J.; Caleman, Carl; MacPhee, A.; Weinstein, David M.; Lowney, D. P.; Allison, Thomas K.; Matthews, Tyler S.; Falcone, R. W.; Cavalieri, AL; Fritz, D. M.; Sh, Lee; Bucksbaum, P. H.; Reis, D. A.; Rudati, J.; Fuoss, P. H.; Kao, C. C.; Siddons, D. P.; Pahl, R.; Als‐Nielsen, J.; Duesterer, S.; Ischebeck, R.; Schlarb, H.; Schulte‐Schrepping, H.; Tschentscher, Th.; Schneider, J.; Linde, D. von der; Hignette, O.; Sette, F.; Chapman, Henry N.; Rw, Lee; Hansen, T.N.; Techert, Simone; Wark, J. S.; Bergh, M.; Huldt, G.; Spoel, David van der; Tı̂mneanu, Nicuşor; Hajdu, János; Akre, R.; Bong, E.; Krejcik, P.; Arthur, John R.; Brennan, S.; Luening, K.; Hastings, J. B.

doi:10.1126/science.1107996

Cited by 338 publications

(271 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The timescales for the disordering process are comparable to the observed strain-induced expansion dynamics and consistent with similarly fast disordering timescales observed in bulk semiconductors 30-33 not previously measured for the case of semiconductor nanocrystals. In contrast with the breathing mode response, the changes in integrated area persist out to the longest times probed (8 ns 30 . A plot of the dependence of log(I(t)) on Q 2 at t ¼ 400 fs (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Visualization of nanocrystal breathing modes at extreme strains

et al. 2015

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Nanoscale dimensions in materials lead to unique electronic and structural properties with applications ranging from site-specific drug delivery to anodes for lithium-ion batteries. These functional properties often involve large-amplitude strains and structural modifications, and thus require an understanding of the dynamics of these processes. Here we use femtosecond X-ray scattering techniques to visualize, in real time and with atomic-scale resolution, light-induced anisotropic strains in nanocrystal spheres and rods. Strains at the percent level are observed in CdS and CdSe samples, associated with a rapid expansion followed by contraction along the nanosphere or nanorod radial direction driven by a transient carrierinduced stress. These morphological changes occur simultaneously with the first steps in the melting transition on hundreds of femtosecond timescales. This work represents the first direct real-time probe of the dynamics of these large-amplitude strains and shape changes in few-nanometre-scale particles.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Visualization of nanocrystal breathing modes at extreme strains

et al. 2015

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“…In most cases, the femtosecond excitation pulse interacts with the electronic system of the material and the stress driving the lattice motions is generated more or less impulsively via electron-phonon coupling [9][10][11][12][13]. In bulk materials, the spatial stress profile is mainly determined by the pump beam geometry and the optical penetration depth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrafast structural dynamics of perovskite superlattices

et al. 2009

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Femtosecond x-ray diffraction provides direct insight into the ultrafast reversible lattice dynamics of materials with a perovskite structure. Superlattice (SL) structures consisting of a sequence of nanometer-thick layer pairs allow for optically inducing a tailored stress profile that drives the lattice motions and for limiting the influence of strain propagation on the observed dynamics. We demonstrate this concept in a series of diffraction experiments with femtosecond time resolution, giving detailed information on the ultrafast lattice dynamics of ferroelectric and ferromagnetic superlattices. Anharmonically coupled lattice motions in a SrRuO 3 /PbZr 0.2 Ti 0.8 O 3 (SRO/PZT) SL lead to a switch-off of the electric polarizations on a time scale of the order of 1 ps. Ultrafast magnetostriction of photoexcited SRO layers is demonstrated in a SRO/SrTiO 3 (STO) SL.

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“…Designing diagnostics to clearly distinguish between one theory and the other is difficult. Many experiments have been performed to probe these states as best as possible [26,27,43,44,67], however direct experimental evidence in support of one model or another is still missing. The comparatively wide variation in results depending on experimental conditions and individual material properties only complicates matters further.…”

Section: Fig 8 Imaging In a Time-delay Holography Geometrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Time-resolved imaging using x-ray free electron lasers

Barty

2010

J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys.

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The ultra-intense, ultra-short X-ray pulses provided by X-ray Free Electron Laser (XFEL) sources are ideally suited to time resolved studies of structural dynamics with spatial resolution from nanometre to atomic length scales and temporal resolution of 10 fs or less. Using coherent X-ray diffraction as a diagnostic, XFELs enable the capturing of X-ray snapshots of previously unmeasurable transient phenomena, and the study of ultrafast processes such as sample damage on the timescales which they occur. With enough photons in a single pulse to enable single-shot measurements, and short enough pulses to freeze atomic motion, researchers now have a new window into the time evolution ultrafast phenomena that are intrinsically not cyclic in nature. In this review paper we recap some of the key time-resolved imaging experiments performed at FLASH and look ahead to a new generation of experiments at higher resolution using a new generation of new XFEL sources that are only just becoming available.

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Atomic-Scale Visualization of Inertial Dynamics

Cited by 338 publications

References 24 publications

Visualization of nanocrystal breathing modes at extreme strains

Visualization of nanocrystal breathing modes at extreme strains

Ultrafast structural dynamics of perovskite superlattices

Time-resolved imaging using x-ray free electron lasers

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