Atomic Spectroscopy

Bings, Nicolas H.; Bogaerts, Annemie; Broekaert, J. A. C.

doi:10.1021/ac040052x

Cited by 33 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 272 publications

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“…In fact, glow discharges have been used for analytical purposes for about 100 years [2]. Today we know of many different glow discharges [3][4][5] and even in the analytical field the variety of glow discharges used is very wide [6]. In this review, however, we will concentrate on the properties of the "hollow anode-flat cathode" glow discharge introduced by Grimm [7] in 1967 and now commonly called "the Grimm source."…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The concept of constant emission yield in GDOES

Bengtson¹,

Nelis

2006

Anal Bioanal Chem

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This review paper describes the evolution of the quantification procedure for compositional depth profiling (CDP) in glow discharge optical emission spectrometry (GD-OES), based on the constant emission yield concept. The concept of emission yield (EY) is defined and ways of measuring it experimentally are discussed. The history of the development of quantitative CDP is reviewed, which shows that all of the different approaches depend on the assumption that the EY is essentially a matrix-independent quantity. Particular emphasis is placed on the dependence of the EY on the plasma parameters of current, voltage, power and pressure. In short, impedance changes (current voltage) can significantly affect the emission yield and should either be corrected mathematically or the impedance should be kept constant by pressure regulation in order to obtain reliable results from GDOES CDP. On the other hand, the effect of varying the pressure on the emission yield can be considered to be minor within the limits of practical operating conditions for most CDP applications. It is worth, however, bearing in mind that varying the discharge pressure has a significant effect on the plasma processes, and does affect the emission yield when these variations are large. The experimental results obtained for the emission yield are related to the results from theoretical model calculations published on the subject.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The concept of constant emission yield in GDOES

Bengtson¹,

Nelis

2006

Anal Bioanal Chem

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“…Heavy metals, including arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), and mercury (Hg) are among the potential toxic elements that bioaccumulate in the environment and consequently enter the food chain [2, 3]. Effects are significant even at low levels usually found in environmental samples, and therefore, sample preparation is critical for accurate determination of these toxic metals without losing information contained in the sample.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of matrix-dependent analyte stability and volatility during open-vessel sample dissolution for arsenic, cadmium, mercury and selenium

2009

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The effects of calcium and magnesium (as nitrates) and phosphorous (as hydrogen phosphate) were investigated on the stability of As, Cd, Hg, and Se during open-vessel dissolution in Teflon vessels. Samples of mainly inorganic and biological matrices were dissolved in screwcapped Teflon tubes in HNO 3 only or in a mixture of HNO 3 -HF. The caps were then removed and the solutions were simultaneously evaporated at 120 °C to near dryness without drying the contents (Method I) or to complete dryness with extended heating for 20 min at dryness (Method II). ICP-MS analysis indicated that the stabilities of Se and Hg were highly influenced by Ca, Mg and PO 4 content in the sample. Arsenic (As) and Cd did not show any significant instability or volatility. Selenium was lost in Method II from biological samples containing trace levels of Ca, Mg and PO 4 . Mercury was unstable during heating in all samples, except bone ash for which no significant loss was detected in Method I. Losses observed for Hg and Se were consistent with Ca, Mg and PO 4 deficiency in the samples and hence indicated that nitrate and hydrogen phosphate salts of these matrix elements do improve stability of the relatively volatile elements during openvessel dissolution in teflon vessels. While Se was effectively stabilized with sub-per cent levels of Ca, Mg and PO 4 , Hg due its high volatility required significantly higher levels of Ca and PO 4 in the bone ash.

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“…Hollow cathode lamps (HCLs) with alkaline-earth metal are attracting growing attention nowadays as sources of intense atomic spectral lines in various physical devices applied in atomic absorption and emission spectroscopy [1][2][3] . Furthermore, the atom unit most frequently employed in a traditional Faraday anomalous dispersion optical filter (FADOF) [4] is a vapor cell with atomic density determined by thermal equilibrium [5][6][7][8] .…”

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confidence: 99%

Excited-state population distributions of alkaline-earth metal in a hollow cathode lamp

Chang

Pang

2018

Chin. Opt. Lett.

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The intensities of fluorescence spectral lines of Ca atoms and Sr atoms in two different hollow cathode lamps (HCLs) are measured by element-balance-detection technology. In the wavelength range of 350-750 nm in the visible spectral region, using the individual strongest line (Ca 422.67 nm, Sr 460.73 nm) as the bench mark, the population ratios between the excited states of Ca atoms and Sr atoms are calculated by rate equations and the spontaneous transition probabilities. The HCLs with populations at excited states can be used to realize the frequency stabilization reference of the laser frequency standard.

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Atomic Spectroscopy

Cited by 33 publications

References 272 publications

The concept of constant emission yield in GDOES

The concept of constant emission yield in GDOES

Assessment of matrix-dependent analyte stability and volatility during open-vessel sample dissolution for arsenic, cadmium, mercury and selenium

Excited-state population distributions of alkaline-earth metal in a hollow cathode lamp

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