Atomically dispersed manganese catalysts for oxygen reduction in proton-exchange membrane fuel cells

Li, Jiazhan; Chen, Mengjie; Cullen, David A.; Hwang, Sooyeon; Wang, Maoyu; Li, Boyang; Liu, Kexi; Karakalos, Stavros; Lucero, Marcos; Zhang, Hanguang; Lei, Chao; Xu, Hui; Sterbinsky, George E.; Feng, Zhenxing; Su, Dong; More, Karren L.; Wang, Guofeng; Wang, Zhenbo; Wu, Gang

doi:10.1038/s41929-018-0164-8

Cited by 1,230 publications

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“…Electrochemical energy storage and conversion technology have been widely studied to produce sustainable and renewable energy . Many advanced clean energy technologies, such as fuel cells, metal air batteries, and water splitting, etc., require highly active catalysts to lower the energy barrier and increase the reaction rate with an efficient and stable route.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Densely Populated Single Atom Catalysts

et al. 2019

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Developing highly efficient electrocatalysts with low cost is critical for the wide‐spread application of sustainable and renewable energy conversion technologies. Single‐atom catalysts (SACs) have attracted considerable attention owing to their high catalytic activity, selectivity, and stability. However, the high surface energy of the single atoms often results in an extremely low loading of metal atom catalysts with limited mass activity. In this context, densely populated SACs are more promising for practical applications due to their high active surface area and mass activity. Herein, the recent research progress of high loading (≥5 wt%) SACs for different electrocatalytic applications is summarized. An overview of various synthesis and characterization strategies of SACs is presented in this review. The influence of appropriate substrates on the preparation of high metal loading SACs is also discussed. In addition, this review provides valuable insights into the current challenges and future opportunities in the field of single‐atom catalysts.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Densely Populated Single Atom Catalysts

et al. 2019

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“…Moreover, such Zn–air batteries steadily lighted up red light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) in series more than ten days, promising their potential utilization for powering electronic devices (Figure S30, Supporting Information). Additionally, the SA‐Fe‐NHPC electrocatalyst also demonstrated good ORR activity with an E 1/2 of 0.76 V in acidic solution (Figure S31 and Table S4, Supporting Information). When used for cathode catalyst in proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), the SA‐Fe‐NHPC could generate a peak power density of 0.423 and 0.244 W cm −2 under H 2 –O 2 and H 2 –air condition, respectively (Figure S32, Supporting Information).…”

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confidence: 99%

Zinc‐Mediated Template Synthesis of Fe‐N‐C Electrocatalysts with Densely Accessible Fe‐N_x Active Sites for Efficient Oxygen Reduction

et al. 2020

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Owing to their earth abundance, high atom utilization, and excellent activity, single iron atoms dispersed on nitrogen‐doped carbons (Fe‐N‐C) have emerged as appealing alternatives to noble‐metal platinum (Pt) for catalyzing the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). However, the ORR activity of current Fe‐N‐C is seriously limited by the low density and inferior exposure of active Fe‐Nx species. Here, a novel zinc‐mediated template synthesis strategy is demonstrated for constructing densely exposed Fe‐Nx moieties on hierarchically porous carbon (SA‐Fe‐NHPC). During the thermal treatment of 2,6‐diaminopyridine/ZnFe/SiO2 complex, the zinc prevents the formation of iron carbide nanoparticles and the SiO2 template promotes the generation of hierarchically pores for substantially improving the accessibility of Fe‐Nx moieties after subsequent leaching. As a result, the SA‐Fe‐NHPC electrocatalysts exhibit an unprecedentedly high ORR activity with a half‐wave potential (E1/2) of 0.93 V in a 0.1 m KOH aqueous solution, which outperforms those for Pt/C catalyst and state‐of‐the‐art noble metal‐free electrocatalysts. As the air electrode in zinc–air batteries, the SA‐Fe‐NHPC demonstrates a large peak power density of 266.4 mW cm−2 and superior long‐term stability. Therefore, the developed zinc‐mediated template synthesis strategy for boosting the density and accessibility of Fe‐Nx species paves a new avenue toward high‐performance ORR electrocatalysts.

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“…Therefore, numerous carbon‐based nanomaterials have been developed to replace the Pt based composites . Among them, the nitrogen species coordinated first‐row transition metal (e.g., Co, Ni, and Fe) atoms in carbons (M–N–C) are widely considered as promising electrocatalysts for ORR . The M–N–C materials are usually recognized as single‐atom catalysts (SACs), since isolated N‐bonded metals atoms are embedded in carbons.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By contrast, XPS peaks for P 2p are absent in the MnNC‐900 composite, indicating the detected P of the MnNPC‐900 is originated from its P dopants. Figure b shows the high‐resolution N 1s XPS spectrum of the MnNPC‐900 composite, which can be deconvoluted into pyridinic N (≈398.2 eV), Mn–N species (≈399.4 eV), graphitic N (≈401.2 eV), and oxidized N (≈404.0 eV), respectively . Concentrations of different N species for the catalysts are summarized in Table S1 (Supporting Information).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

N,P Co‐Coordinated Manganese Atoms in Mesoporous Carbon for Electrochemical Oxygen Reduction

Zhu

Amal

2019

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The increasing interest in fuel cell technology encourages the development of efficient and low‐cost electrocatalysts to replace the Pt based materials for catalyzing the cathodic oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). In the present work, a nitrogen and phosphorus co‐coordinated manganese atom embedded mesoporous carbon composite (MnNPC‐900) is successfully prepared via a polymerization of o‐phenylenediamine followed by calcination at 900 °C. The MnNPC‐900 composite shows a high ORR activity in alkaline media, offering an onset potential of 0.97 V, and a half‐wave potential of 0.84 V (both vs reversible hydrogen electrode) with a loading of 0.4 mg cm−2. This performance not only exceeds its phosphorus‐free counterpart (MnNC‐900), but also is comparable to the Pt/C catalyst under identical measuring conditions. The significantly enhanced ORR performance of MnNPC‐900 can be ascribed to: i) the introduction of phosphorus assists the generation of mesopores during the pyrolysis and endows the MnNPC‐900 composite with large surface area and pore volume, thus facilitating the mass transfer process and increases the number of exposed active sites. ii) The formation of N,P co‐coordinated atomic‐scale Mn sites (MnNxPy), which modifies the electronic configuration of the Mn atoms and thereby boosts the ORR catalytic activity.

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Atomically dispersed manganese catalysts for oxygen reduction in proton-exchange membrane fuel cells

Cited by 1,230 publications

References 50 publications

Densely Populated Single Atom Catalysts

Densely Populated Single Atom Catalysts

Zinc‐Mediated Template Synthesis of Fe‐N‐C Electrocatalysts with Densely Accessible Fe‐N_x Active Sites for Efficient Oxygen Reduction

N,P Co‐Coordinated Manganese Atoms in Mesoporous Carbon for Electrochemical Oxygen Reduction

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Atomically dispersed manganese catalysts for oxygen reduction in proton-exchange membrane fuel cells

Cited by 1,230 publications

References 50 publications

Densely Populated Single Atom Catalysts

Densely Populated Single Atom Catalysts

Zinc‐Mediated Template Synthesis of Fe‐N‐C Electrocatalysts with Densely Accessible Fe‐Nx Active Sites for Efficient Oxygen Reduction

N,P Co‐Coordinated Manganese Atoms in Mesoporous Carbon for Electrochemical Oxygen Reduction

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Zinc‐Mediated Template Synthesis of Fe‐N‐C Electrocatalysts with Densely Accessible Fe‐N_x Active Sites for Efficient Oxygen Reduction