Atomistic modeling of electromechanical properties of piezoelectric zinc oxide nanowires

Abstract

Currently, numerous articles are devoted to examining the influence of geometry and charge distribution on the mechanical properties and structural stability of piezoelectric nanowires (NWs). The varied modeling techniques adopted in earlier works dictated the outcome of the different efforts. In this article, comprehensive molecular dynamic studies are conducted to determine the influence of varied interatomic potentials (partially charged rigid ion model [PCRIM], ReaxFF, charged optimized many-body [COMB], and Buckingham), geometrical parameters (cross-section geometry, wire diameter, and length), and charge distribution (uniform full charges versus partially charged surface atoms) on the resulting mechanical properties and structural stability of zinc oxide (ZnO) NWs. Our optimized parameters for the Buckingham interatomic potential are in good agreement with the existing experimental results. Furthermore, we found that the incorrect selection of interatomic potentials could lead to excessive overestimate (61%) of the elastic modulus of the NW. While NW length was found to dictate the strain distribution along the wire, impacting its predicted properties, the cross-section shape did not play a major role. Assigning uniform charges for both the core and surface atoms of ZnO NWs leads to a drastic decrease in fracture properties.