Atomistic potential for TaSi system: application to low-index interfaces

Experimental characterization and modeling of the reliability of three-terminal dual-damascene Cu interconnect treesDecreasing linewidth in electronics packages leads to structures that have to be described atomistically. Currently copper is among the most interesting materials in electronics due to its electrical and thermal properties. We have developed interatomic potentials to model interfaces in copper metallization. Currently an embedded-atom method potential for a Cu-Ta system and a modified embedded-atom method potential for a Ta-Si system are available. We have used the molecular dynamics method with these potentials to study the energy and microstructure of several low-index Cu-Ta and Ta-Si interfaces. Yield stress of the Cu-Ta system is correlated with the energy of the interface. In addition, more realistic Cu-Ta interfaces are generated by depositing copper atoms on a tantalum surface and tantalum atoms on copper surfaces. Tantalum atoms are seen to mix on copper surfaces, while copper atoms stay on tantalum surfaces. We discuss this with bonding energy arguments.

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Comparative transcriptome analysis of papilla and skin in the sea cucumber,Apostichopus japonicus

Zhou

Cui

Liu

et al. 2016

PeerJ

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Papilla and skin are two important organs of the sea cucumber. Both tissues have ectodermic origin, but they are morphologically and functionally very different. In the present study, we performed comparative transcriptome analysis of the papilla and skin from the sea cucumber (Apostichopus japonicus) in order to identify and characterize gene expression profiles by using RNA-Seq technology. We generated 30.6 and 36.4 million clean reads from the papilla and skin and de novo assembled in 156,501 transcripts. The Gene Ontology (GO) analysis indicated that cell part, metabolic process and catalytic activity were the most abundant GO category in cell component, biological process and molecular funcation, respectively. Comparative transcriptome analysis between the papilla and skin allowed the identification of 1,059 differentially expressed genes, of which 739 genes were expressed at higher levels in papilla, while 320 were expressed at higher levels in skin. In addition, 236 differentially expressed unigenes were not annotated with any database, 160 of which were apparently expressed at higher levels in papilla, 76 were expressed at higher levels in skin. We identified a total of 288 papilla-specific genes, 171 skin-specific genes and 600 co-expressed genes. Also, 40 genes in papilla-specific were not annotated with any database, 2 in skin-specific. Development-related genes were also enriched, such as fibroblast growth factor, transforming growth factor-β, collagen-α2 and Integrin-α2, which may be related to the formation of the papilla and skin in sea cucumber. Further pathway analysis identified ten KEGG pathways that were differently enriched between the papilla and skin. The findings on expression profiles between two key organs of the sea cucumber should be valuable to reveal molecular mechanisms involved in the development of organs that are related but with morphological differences in the sea cucumber.

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Atomistic potential for TaSi system: application to low-index interfaces

Cited by 3 publications

References 28 publications

Strength of Ta–Si interfaces by molecular dynamics

Strength of Ta–Si interfaces by molecular dynamics

Interfaces in copper nanoconnections

Comparative transcriptome analysis of papilla and skin in the sea cucumber,Apostichopus japonicus

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