Atomization mechanisms for barium in furnace atomic absorption spectrometry

Mass spectral investigation of mechanisms of lead vaporization from a graphite surface used in electrothermal atomizers

“…For example, field desorption (FD) (2, 3), desorption chemical ionization (DCI) (4), thermospray (5), and liquid ionization (6) have been successfully used for the analysis of nonderivatized nucleosides and nucleotides. More recently impressive results on polar, nonvolatile organic molecules have been demonstrated using a group of particle-induced desorption ionization techniques, e.g., secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) (7,8), 252Cf plasma desorption mass spectrometry (PDMS) (9)(10)(11), laser desorption (LD) (12), and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FAB-MS) (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24).…”

“…The utility of mass spectrometry (MS) to elucidate vaporization mechanisms in GFAAS was initially demonstrated by Styris and Kay (8) in the study of Rb. Styris and coworkers also employed MS in the investigations of V205, Ba, and Se (9)(10)(11). In all cases, tube furnaces were used for atomization and the mass spectrometer was positioned directly above the sample introduction hole.…”

Mechanisms of selenium vaporization with palladium modifiers using electrothermal atomization and mass spectrometric detection

“…However, in the atmospheric system, the palladium and selenium recondense, and both are stabilized to higher temperatures. (16) The noncoincidence of selenium and palladium in the atmospheric pressure system suggests that palladium is retained on the surface.…”

Determination of barium in seawater by direct injection graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry

“…continues to increase above 2700 °C (Figure 3), but tube life is diminished. Furnace emission and tube vibration are serious problems at 3000 °C where the pyrolitic coating fails after [10][11][12][13][14][15] injections. An atomization temperature of 2700 °C with 100 mL min"1 argon flow produces sharp reproducible peaks, reduces memory effects, and permits two full standard addition curves of 35%o salinity seawater before graphite tube failure.…”

“…In the application of graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry to Ba analyses in a seawater matrix by direct injection, several problems must be overcome: furnace emission in the visible at the analytical wavelength of Ba (8,9), matrix interferences due to NaCI smoking (10), chloride vapor-phase interferences (11), Ba ionization (12), barium carbide formation (13,14), and spectral interferences from Ca (15)(16)(17). Partial solutions to some of these problems exist in the literature, but no single approach has documented a verifiable methodology: no standard GFAA analytical technique is available for Ba analyses in seawater or in estuaries.…”