Atomization of lead in graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry

Sturgeon, Ralph E.; Mitchell, D. F.; Berman, S. S.

doi:10.1021/ac00258a019

Cited by 71 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The sample was placed on a miniature graphite platform under the quadrupole analyzer. Studies performed by Sturgeon et al [2] with lead nitrate revealed for the first time the release of PbO molecules into the gas phase at 550 K. This unexpected effect was later confirmed by Holcombe et al, who observed oxide molecules in the gas phase in the pyrolysis of Pb, Ni, and Cu nitrates at 550 [3], 625 [4], and 340 K [5], respectively.…”

Section: Mass-spectrometry Studiesmentioning

confidence: 70%

“…In the 1980s, quadrupole mass spectrometry (QMS) was used for the first time for these purposes [1][2][3][4][5]. In most cases [2][3][4][5], the objects under investigation were solutions of metal nitrates.…”

Section: Mass-spectrometry Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In most cases [2][3][4][5], the objects under investigation were solutions of metal nitrates. The main goal of these experiments was to elucidate the mechanism of the pyrolysis of these salts in the stage of low-temperature heat treatment, preceding the atomization of the sample residue.…”

Section: Mass-spectrometry Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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History of one discovery

Львов

2015

Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy

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Section: Mass-spectrometry Studiesmentioning

confidence: 70%

Section: Mass-spectrometry Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

History of one discovery

Львов

2015

Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy

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“…Determination of primary products of decomposition by quadrupole mass spectrometry allowed the observation of low-volatility metal oxide molecules in the gas phase. The appearance of PbO molecules in the thermal decomposition of lead nitrate was first reported by Sturgeon et al [8] and was subsequently confirmed by Bass and Holcombe [9]. Later, Holcombe and co-workers revealed the presence of NiO [10], CuO and Cu 2 O [11], CdO [12] and CrO and Cr 2 O 3 [13] molecules during the thermal decomposition of nickel, copper, cadmium and chromium nitrates.…”

Section: Basic Discoveries By Atomic Absorption Spectrometry and Quadmentioning

confidence: 71%

Kinetics and mechanism of solid decompositions — From basic discoveries by atomic absorption spectrometry and quadrupole mass spectroscopy to thorough thermogravimetric analysis

Львов

2008

Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy

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“…The existence of such a mechanism was found as a result of direct observation of low-volatile decomposition products (molecules and atoms) in the gas phase by ET quadrupole mass spectrometry (QMS) by Sturgeon et al [35] and Holcombe et al [36,37]. The story of this discovery was outlined in [38].…”

Section: Identification Of Two Modes Of Evaporationmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the way from the activation model of solid decomposition to the thermochemical model

Львов

2015

Reac Kinet Mech Cat

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The development of the technology and the theory of electrothermal atomization, which began in atomic absorption spectrometry about 60 years ago, led to a confrontation between the two alternative models used in the kinetics of heterogeneous chemical reactions: the activation model proposed by Arrhenius (Z Phys Chem 4:226-248, 1889) and based on the effect of activation, and the thermochemical model (TM) proposed by Langmuir (Phys Rev 2:329-342, 1913), which excludes the existence of this effect. An analysis of the events surrounding the creation and evolution of both models and a comparison of their fundamental principles and their application to the solution of actual problems show the shortcomings of the activation model and fundamental limitations in its applicability. The TM for the first time in the history of these studies allowed a quantitative estimation and a prediction of the lifetime for substances depending on the environment and temperature of their storage. It allows the calculation of the rate of reaction and the Arrhenius parameters taking into account the composition, stoichiometry and thermochemical characteristics of the reaction, the excess pressure of the gaseous product in the reactor and the physical properties of the reactant (sample size and the density of the reactant). Within the TM, it was possible to solve many of the accumulated problems, including the physical nature of the parameters of the Arrhenius equation, the effect of autocatalysis, the kinetic compensation effect and the Topley-Smith effect. To overcome the lasting crisis in the kinetics of heterogeneous reactions, it is necessary to advance the public discussion of the current situation and search for appropriate ways to replace the activation model by the TM.

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Atomization of lead in graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry

Cited by 71 publications

References 27 publications

History of one discovery

History of one discovery

Kinetics and mechanism of solid decompositions — From basic discoveries by atomic absorption spectrometry and quadrupole mass spectroscopy to thorough thermogravimetric analysis

On the way from the activation model of solid decomposition to the thermochemical model

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