Atoms and Alchemy

Newman, William R.

doi:10.7208/chicago/9780226577036.001.0001

Cited by 169 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…É também por via alquímica que a Royal Society, desde a construção de seu ideário com Bacon, passando por Boyle e até Newton, admitirá os átomos. E embora pareça haver a opinião disseminada nos manuais de que ali os átomos já eram concebidos em viés estritamente mecanicista como queria a nova física segundo Descartes ou Galileu, é notório que Boyle estudava intensamente a alquimia de Van Helmont e de Starkey (NEWMAN, 2006).…”

Section: áTomos E Letrasunclassified

Condillac e a história da química: de Newton a Lavoisier

Silva

2018

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Abordamos aqui a influência do método de Condillac sobre a história da química. Partindo da confessada dívida de Lavoisier com o abade, propomo-nos a avaliar o aporte que o método condillaquiano terá para a filosofia natural da segunda metade do XVIII, colocando-a primeiramente na perspectiva da onda newtoniana que contaminou progressivamente as ciências a partir do fim do XVII. Mostramos então como o método de Newton, via alquimia, é capaz de inserir aspectos alheios ao mecanicismo estrito nas discussões, o que garantirá à química legitimidade para se valer de conceitos como atrações e afinidades. Mais tarde, ao constituir e sistematizar um método geral de conhecimento marcado pelo modelo newtoniano, Condillac legará aos naturalistas meios para ordenar proficuamente novas regiões de conhecimento. Quando adequadamente adaptado por Lavoisier aos problemas químicos, este método promoverá a “revolução” da química, ou seu estabelecimento definitivo como ciência positiva.

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Section: áTomos E Letrasunclassified

Condillac e a história da química: de Newton a Lavoisier

Silva

2018

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“…91 Apart from Boyle, many forgotten names continued to observe, to count, to experiment with minerals, salts, acids, sulphurs, mercury, alum, and other substances, which they melted, cooled, compounded, distilled, fermented, and generally transmuted into metals, dyes, medicines, and other products of potential value and utility. 92 Many represented this potentially useful knowledge and praxis in all kinds of mysterious, magical, and mystical ways, in order to sell themselves and their products to credulous patrons and consumers in early modern Europe. 93 Others among these neglected scholars aspired to fashion their practices, experiments, and knowhow in the vocabularies of Cartesian and Newtonian theories and natural philosophies, and to wrap them in mantles of systematic quantification.…”

Section: Christian Monotheism and Natural Philosophymentioning

confidence: 99%

Historical foundations for a global perspective on the emergence of a western European regime for the discovery, development, and diffusion of useful and reliable knowledge

O’Brien¹

2013

Journal of Global History

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At a ‘conjuncture’ in pre-modern global history, labelled by previous generations of historians as the ‘Scientific Revolution’, the societies and states of western Europe established and promoted a regime of interconnected institutions for the accumulation of useful and reliable knowledge. This placed their economies on trajectories that led to divergent prospects for long-term technological change and material progress. Although the accumulation of such knowledge takes place over millennia of time, and in contexts that are global, critical interludes or conjunctures in a ‘dialogue of civilizations’ have remained geographically localized, and indigenous in nature. Determining the locations, origins, and forms of this particular conjuncture is often dismissed as an exercise in Eurocentric history. Modern scholarship has also preferred to emphasize the roles played by craftsmen in its progress and diffusion – ignoring metaphysical and religious foundations of knowledge about the natural world. My survey aims to restore traditional perceptions that the West passed through a transformation in its hegemonic beliefs about prospects for the comprehension and manipulation of that world in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. It will suggest that the Scientific Revolution's remote antecedents might be traced back to Europe's particular transition from polytheism to monotheism. Thirdly, it summarizes literature that analyses how centuries of tension between Christian theology and natural philosophy led, during the Renaissance, to a displacement of scholastic and beatified Aristotelian conceptions and obstacles to understandings of the natural world. Finally, the survey will elaborate on how new knowledge flowing into Europe from voyages overseas, and medieval advances in technology, together with scepticism arising from religious warfare, stimulated a widespread search for more useful and reliable forms of knowledge throughout the Catholic and Protestant West.

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“…The names 'up' and 'down' are labels for the weak isospin, which is analogous to the intrinsic spin-up (J z 1{2) and down (J z 1{2) states. Each lepton doublet includes an electron-like particle with electric charge 1 and neutral massless neutrino 3 . In addition to the electric charge, each quark has "charges" associated with the weak and strong interactions.…”

Section: The Standard Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Though based on the principle of the four Aristotelian elements 2 , medieval alchemy set the stage for later molecular theories. 13 th century experiments conducted by the physician and alchemist Geber (Jabir) suggested that metals such as gold, copper and iron were composed of small particles of mercury and sulfur, which in turn were composed of the four Aristotelian elements [3]. While such models may seem laughable to the modern reader, the important point is that these theories were based on experimental tests involving these metals and not on conjecture.…”

Section: Chapter 1 Introduction and Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flavour oscillations and CP asymmetry in semileptonic B<sub>s</sub><sup>0</sup> decays

Beale

2010

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The B 0 s meson spontaneously transforms into its antiparticle (B 0 s). These 'flavour oscillations' occur periodically with a frequency that may be measured. The oscillation frequency is related to the fundamental parameters of the electroweak interaction. Measuring the frequency provides a constraint on the electroweak quark coupling parameter V ts and improves the constraint on V td. Furthermore, the amplitude of the oscillation process may be slightly different in B 0 s and B 0 s mesons due to CP violating nature of the weak interaction. This 'asymmetry' is expected to be small (a SM,s f s p2.06 0.57q 10 5), but may be enhanced (a s f s Op1%q) by new sources of CP violation. This thesis describes a search for B 0 s flavour oscillations and charge asymmetry in the B 0 s Ñ D s µ ν µ X (D s Ñ K 0 K) decay mode using 5.0 fb 1 of D0 data. A lower limit is placed on the oscillation frequency, ∆m s ¡ 9.9 ps 1 with an expected sensitivity to oscillations below 14.8 ps 1. The charge asymmetry is measured to be a s f s 0.018 0.025(stat) 0.002(syst). A combination of these measurements with other decay modes is also presented.

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Atoms and Alchemy

Cited by 169 publications

References 0 publications

Condillac e a história da química: de Newton a Lavoisier

Condillac e a história da química: de Newton a Lavoisier

Historical foundations for a global perspective on the emergence of a western European regime for the discovery, development, and diffusion of useful and reliable knowledge

Flavour oscillations and CP asymmetry in semileptonic B<sub>s</sub><sup>0</sup> decays

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