Atopic Dermatitis Biomarkers and the Movement Toward Personalized Treatment

Abstract

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a heterogeneous disorder with varying phenotypes. Although AD has long been associated with barrier dysfunction, the pathogenesis of this disease is more complex, involving many molecular markers in different functional domains. Biomarkers can be helpful in different ways, including predicting prognosis, measuring treatment response, and gauging disease severity. With the advent of targeted immunomodulators, biomarkers have the potential to take on new significance in terms of selecting appropriate therapies for patients. In this review, we have summarized the key findings related to biomarkers and AD, including the specific subtype differences. Clinicians will use this information to better understand the potential of biomarkers in AD and have a guide because more specific treatments are developed that are tailored toward individual molecular profiles.

Identification of Cofilin‐1 as a novel biomarker of atopic dermatitis using iTRAQ quantitative proteomics

“…The prognosis of AD is affected by many factors such as chemical irritants, airborne allergens, food and microorganisms. Therefore, single biomarkers are difficult to accurately predict the occurrence, severity and outcome of the disease 34 . At present, the clinical assessment of AD severity is primarily based on scoring atopic dermatitis (SCORAD), eczema area and severity index (EASI).…”

“…Therefore, single biomarkers are difficult to accurately predict the occurrence, severity and outcome of the disease. 34 At present, the clinical assessment of AD severity is primarily based on scoring atopic dermatitis (SCORAD), eczema area and severity index (EASI). It is hoped that future exploration in the field of AD‐related biomarkers can make breakthroughs in the direction of multi‐omics data integration, computer model construction, and large cohort clinical study validation, and the combination of SCORAD/EASI score and biomarker detection as the overall level measurement may be an important direction of subsequent research.…”

Natural Killer Cells in Atopic Dermatitis Opening Doors to New Treatments

“…For example, the environmental pollutants and the concomitant diverse environmental factors appear to accelerate the occurrence of AD via triggering responses from both the adaptive and innate immune pathways, such as harsh detergents, airborne formaldehyde, preservatives, and fragrances. To date, a variety of molecular biomarkers have been identified to play a role in different ways, such as measuring treatment response, predicting clinical prognosis, and gauging disease severity [1]. Currently, phototherapy is the major and effective therapeutic modality for various skin diseases, including AD, eczema, photodermatitis, vitiligo, parapsoriasis, and psoriasis, yet the outcomes of AD patients are not satisfactory and persistent [28].…”

“…As an extremely heterogeneous disease with varying phenotypes, AD has caused overwhelming pain to the patients and the guardians physically and mentally as well as significant incidence and healthcare costs [1][2][3][4]. For decades, AD has been proved with the occurrence in childhood and the increased incidence rate with age, which also increases the risk of allergic rhinitis, food allergy, and asthma later in life as well [5].…”