Atorvastatin added to interferon beta for relapsing multiple sclerosis: a randomized controlled trial

Kamm, Christian P.; El-Koussy, Marwan; Humpert, Sebastian; Findling, Oliver; Bredow, Ferdinand von; Burren, Yuliya; Schwegler, Guido; Schött, Dagmar; Donati, Filippo; Müller, Martin; Goebels, Norbert; Müller, Felix; Slotboom, Johannes; Tettenborn, Barbara; Kappos, Ludwig; Naegelin, Yvonne; Mattle, Heinrich

doi:10.1007/s00415-012-6513-7

Cited by 38 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…3a). Only Lanzillo et al [40], a study of relatively lower quality, trended towards a lower risk of relapse in the statin group [RR 0.70 (95 % CI 0.36-1.36)], whereas Birnbaum et al [39], Sørensen et al [42], and Kamm et al [43] trended towards a higher risk of relapse in the statin group (RR 1.27-2.12). However, all were non-significant.…”

Section: Primary Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Kamm et al [43] presented a multicenter double-blind non-placebo-controlled RCT in 77 RRMS patients, diagnosed by McDonald et al [35] criteria, with one or more relapse in the preceding 24 months, an EDSS of 3.5, three or more brain or spinal cord T2 lesions on MRI, and who had not received IFNb or glatiramer acetate for C12 months. Following a baseline period of 3 months on IFNb-1a, patients were randomized to add-on of either placebo (n = 38) or atorvastatin 40 mg/day (n = 39) for 12 months.…”

Section: Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study carries a risk of selection bias (allocation procedures not specified). No performance bias (participant, personnel blinded), detection bias (outcome assessors blinded), attrition bias (missing data and dropouts, and reasons therefore, were carefully recorded and balanced between groups), or reporting bias (results for all outcomes Lanzillo et al [40] Togha et al [41] Sørensen et al [42] Kamm et al [43] Tsakiri et al [44] Waubant et al [47] Chataway et al [46] Study drug [35] criteria, who had received IFNb-1a for 12 months and had exhibited MRI or clinical activity on this treatment. Patients and study personnel were not blinded.…”

Section: Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sorting through the records, nine articles [39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47] corresponding to eight unique trials were included in the systematic review. Five of the eight trials, with at total of 539 subjects were of statin treatment as add-on to IFNb treatment in RRMS [39][40][41][42][43] (follow-up time varying between 9 and 24 months); one trial examined statin monotherapy in SPMS [46], one trial was of statin monotherapy in CIS [47], and our research group tested statin monotherapy in acute ON patients [44]. We identified no record of studies of statins in PPMS.…”

Section: Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Statin Treatment in Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2015

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The pleiotropic effects and effects in the murine model of MS could not be converted to a proven effect in relapsing MS and hence statin therapy either as a monotherapy or in combination with IFNβ treatment for RRMS, and statin monotherapy for CIS cannot at present be recommended. However, indications are that statins may be beneficial in SPMS. The benefit thereof and whether this is due to a direct immunomodulatory and neuroprotective effect warrant further studies.

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Section: Primary Outcomesmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Included Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Statin Treatment in Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2015

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“…[41][42][43][44] Overall, further studies regarding adjuvant statin and disease-modifying therapy are needed to better understand their role in MS disease activity and progression.…”

Section: Dyslipidemiamentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Vascular Disease Risk Factors and Multiple Sclerosis

Kannan

Yadav²

2017

US Endocrinology

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Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common demyelinating disease of the central nervous system and the most common non-traumatic cause of disability in young adults. Recent research shows that vascular disease risk factors (VDRFs) such as obesity, smoking, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, type II diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome, can influence MS on its onset, disease activity, progression, and resultant disability. This review evaluates the current knowledge on the role of VDRFs on outcomes among people with MS (PwMS) and shows that while VDRF prevalence may or may not be higher among PwMS compared with the general population, its presence can influence MS in myriad ways. Management of VDRFs through early detection and treatment may be a promising approach to improving outcomes in PwMS. KeywordsMultiple sclerosis, smoking, obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension, type II diabetes, metabolic syndrome Compliance with Ethics:This study involves a review of the literature and did not involve any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.Authorship: All named authors meet the International Committee of Medical Journal Editors (ICMJE) criteria for authorship of this manuscript, take responsibility for the integrity of the work as a whole, and have given final approval for the version to be published.Open Access: This article is published under the Creative Commons Attribution Noncommercial License, which permits any noncommercial use, distribution, adaptation, and reproduction provided the original author(s) and source are given appropriate credit. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system and the most common non-traumatic cause of disability in young adults. MS affects nearly 400,000 people in the US and 2.5 million people worldwide. While the precise etiology of MS is unknown, it is suspected that the disease causation is multifactorial, in which exposure to environmental factors triggers an autoimmune response among genetically susceptible individuals.1 Recent research suggests an important plausible role of vascular disease risk factors (VDRFs) such as smoking, obesity, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome on MS pathogenesis. It is estimated that nearly 50% of people with MS (PwMS) have at least one VDRF at the time of their MS diagnosis, and are more likely than healthy controls to have more than one VDRF.2,3 The presence of VDRFs among PwMS appears to be associated not only with ongoing radiographic disease activity and progression on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), but also with increased risk of clinical disability progression.3-5 The purpose of this paper is to examine the current literature on the relationship between these potentially modifiable factors that affect MS onset, activity, progression, and disability, and identify potential targets for improving clinical outcome among PwMS. SmokingThe association between smoking and MS susceptibility has been investigated extensively over...

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