Atorvastatin combined with poly-unsaturated fatty acid confers better improvement of dyslipidemia and endothelium function

Song, Xianbing; Liu, Huan; Wang, Xiao-Tian; Li, Zhenhua; Huang, Congwu

doi:10.1186/1476-511x-13-186

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Atorvastatin, also known under the brand name Lipitor, is a cholesterol-reducing drug which inhibits cholesterol synthesis (24). Decreasing endogenous levels of cholesterol may aid the prevention of heart disease and atherosclerosis, conditions which potentially lead to heart attack, stroke and/or vascular diseases (25).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atorvastatin induces autophagic cell death in prostate cancer cells in vitro

Yuan

Peng

et al. 2015

Molecular Medicine Reports

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Abstract. Athough it is well known that apoptosis contributes to cancer cell death, the role of autophagy in cancer cell death has remained in dispute. Atorvastatin has been suggested to exhibit anti-cancer effects. The present study aimed to examine atorvastatin-induced autophagy-associated cell death and the autophagy-associated gene expression profile in the PC3 prostate carcinoma cell line. The atorvastatin-induced process of autophagy in PC3 cells was determined via evaluation of the cellular expression levels of autophagosomal marker light-chain-3 (LC3)-II, using immunoblotting and counting of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-LC3-transfected autophagic cells. Apoptosis was examined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling assay and an MTT assay was used to evaluate cell viability. Total RNA of PC3 cells was isolated for characterization of the gene expression profile following atorvastatin treatment. Atorvastatin treatment of PC3 cells for 24 h increased the expression of green fluorescent protein-LC3-II by >25%, and expression continued for >72 h, while apoptosis was not significantly induced within this time period. Four genes associated with the autophagy machinery were also significantly upregulated. In the presence of atorvastatin, autophagy may be unable to abrogate cell damage and may therefore contribute to cellular dysfunction, leading to autophagic/type II programmed cell death. In response to atorvastatin treatment, the expression of genes involved in autophagic mediating pathways may have a role in tumor suppression. IntroductionProstate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed non-cutaneous malignancy and the second leading cause of death due to cancer amongst males worldwide (1). Treatment options for localized disease include watchful waiting, surgery and radiotherapy (2). However, in terms of a definitive treatment, despite developments in systemic chemotherapy strategies, minimal improvements in the quality of life and overall survival have been achieved amongst patients with prostate cancer (3). The development of novel treatment strategies for patients with advanced metastatic prostate cancers remains a challenge.The PC3 human prostate cancer cell line [p53-and phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN)-] was established from a prostatic adenocarcinoma, which was metastatic to bone. It has been extensively used as a cell model for the study of prostate cancer and is generally assumed to model an advanced stage of prostate cancer (4). PC3 cells are resistant to numerous chemotherapy drugs and apoptosis inducers (5,6).At o r va s t a t i n, a 3 -hyd r ox y-3 -m e t hylg lu t a r yl (HMG)-coenzyme A reductase inhibitor, is among the widely prescribed drugs used to lower cholesterol and prevent cardiovascular diseases (7). In addition to its cholesterol-lowering effect, atorvastatin has pro-apoptotic and anti-metastatic effects on prostate cancer cells (8,9). Parikh et al (10) hypothesized that atorvastatin may induce autophagy-associated cell death in PC3 cells. However, the...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atorvastatin induces autophagic cell death in prostate cancer cells in vitro

Yuan

Peng

et al. 2015

Molecular Medicine Reports

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“…The dose of atorvastatin used in this study was 2 mg/kg/day (Du et al, 2013). Atorvastatin was reconstituted in 1 mL of distilled water then administered orally (Song et al, 2014).…”

Section: Trihoney and Atorvastatin Dosesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trihoney ameliorates hypercholesterolemia-induced epididymal histopathological changes in male rabbits

Mohamed

Ibrahim

Alfarisi

et al. 2020

APJMBB

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Hypercholesterolemia has been linked to weight change and histopathological alteration of male reproductive organs. The epididymis was suggested to be an early target of lipid-related infertility and can be dramatically affected by excess intake of a high cholesterol diet. On the other hand, the interest has been increased towards the use of honey as a prophylactic and therapeutic agent for various diseases. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of Trihoney (a mixture of Trigona, Mellifera and Tualang) on epididymal weight change and histopathological alterations in hypercholesterolemic male rabbits and compare its effects with atorvastatin. Forty-eight mature male New Zealand white rabbits were divided into 6 groups. Two groups received standard rabbit pellet with 0 and 0.6 g/kg/day of Trihoney respectively while the other four groups received 1% cholesterol diet with 0, 0.3, 0.6 g/kg/day of Trihoney, and 2 mg/kg/day of atorvastatin. After 12 weeks, the rabbits were sacrificed and the epididymides were harvested for evaluation of weight and histopathological changes. Administration of 1% cholesterol diet either alone or in combination with atorvastatin caused a significant reduction in the epididymal weight and epididymal atrophy. Supplementation of Trihoney particularly at the dose of 0.6 g/kg/day improved epididymal weight, regained the normal architecture of the epididymal histology and increased the number of mature sperm inside the tubules of the epididymis. Based on these results, Trihoney exhibited its potential health benefit as a protective agent against epididymal weight reduction and histopathological alterations in hypercholesterolemic rabbits.

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“…The used dose of atorvastatin was 2 mg/kg/day (Du et al, 2013). Atorvastatin was reconstituted in 1 mL of distilled water before its oral administration (Song et al, 2014). The duration of spermatogenesis in rabbits is between 7 to 8 weeks and the studies that aim to determine the effects of exogenous factors on spermatogenesis should be continued at least for 10 weeks (International Rabbit Reproduction Group, 2005), therefore this experiment was carried out for 12 weeks.…”

Section: Animals and Dietsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Honey Improves Sperm Parameters in High Cholesterol Diet-Fed Male Rabbits

Mohamed¹,

Ibrahim²,

Alfarisi³

et al. 2021

ASMScJ

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Overconsumption of a high-energy diet has a negative impact on sperm motility, morphology, vitality and concentration. Hence, this study aims to investigate the effects of honey on sperm parameters of high cholesterol diet-fed rabbits and compare its effects with atorvastatin. Forty-eight male New Zealand white rabbits were assigned into 6 groups: Control (C): commercial pellet; CH: commercial pellet and 600 mg/kg/day Trihoney; HCD: 1% cholesterol diet; DH1: 1% cholesterol diet and 300 mg/kg/day Trihoney; DH2: 1% cholesterol diet and 600 mg/kg/day Trihoney; DAt: 1% cholesterol diet and 2 mg/kg/day atorvastatin. After 12 weeks, each rabbit was anaesthetized. Sperm were obtained from the cauda of the epididymis. Percentages of progressive (PM) and total motility (TM) were assessed using light microscope. Vitality and morphology were assessed using Eosin-Nigrosin stain. Sperm concentration was calculated using haemocytometer. Administration of 1% cholesterol diet reduced the percentages of PM, TM and normal sperm. Treatment with atorvastatin reduced the percentages of PM, TM, live and normal sperm. A marked reduction in sperm concentration was detected in the HCD and DAt groups. Trihoney groups expressed significantly higher percentages of PM, TM, normal sperm, live sperm and sperm concentration than the HCD and DAt groups. These results indicate that Trihoney has the potential to minimize the negative impacts of a high cholesterol diet on sperm parameters.

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Atorvastatin combined with poly-unsaturated fatty acid confers better improvement of dyslipidemia and endothelium function

Cited by 10 publications

References 29 publications

Atorvastatin induces autophagic cell death in prostate cancer cells in vitro

Atorvastatin induces autophagic cell death in prostate cancer cells in vitro

Trihoney ameliorates hypercholesterolemia-induced epididymal histopathological changes in male rabbits

Honey Improves Sperm Parameters in High Cholesterol Diet-Fed Male Rabbits

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