“…Of maize lipid metabolic GMS genes, nine are involved in lipid biosynthesis, such as ZmMs20/IRREGULAR POLLEN EXINE1 ( ZmIPE1 ) (Chen et al ., 2017 ; Wang et al ., 2019 ), ZmMs25/ZmMs6021 (Tian et al ., 2017 ; Zhang et al ., 2021 ), ZmMs26 (Djukanovic et al ., 2013 ; Singh et al ., 2017 ), ZmMs30 (An et al ., 2019 ), ZmMs33 (Li et al ., 2022 , 2023 ; Xie et al ., 2018 ; Zhang et al ., 2018b ; Zhu et al ., 2019 , 2020 ), ZmMs45 (Cigan et al ., 2001 ), ABNORMAL POLLEN VACUOLATION1 ( ZmAPV1 ) (Somaratne et al ., 2017 ), ZmIPE2 (Huo et al ., 2020 ) and POLYKETIDE SYNTHASE B ( ZmPKSB ) (Liu et al ., 2022 ). The rest encode lipid transfer proteins or ABCG transporters that are involved in lipid transport in maize anther (Fang et al ., 2023 ; Wu et al ., 2022 ), including ZmMs2/ZmABCG26 (Choi et al ., 2011 ; Jiang et al ., 2021b ; Xu et al ., 2021 ), ZmMs13/ZmABCG2a (Fang et al ., 2022 ) and ZmMs44 (Fox et al ., 2017 ). All mutants of these genes exhibit defective pollen exine and anther cuticle phenotypes.…”