ATP-dependent cadmium transport by the cadA cadmium resistance determinant in everted membrane vesicles of Bacillus subtilis

Tsai, Kan-Jen; Yoon, Kyung Pyo; Lynn, A R

doi:10.1128/jb.174.1.116-121.1992

Cited by 96 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The cadA cadmium resistance system functions as an energy-dependent pump (26,27,32), causing the efflux of '0Cd2`from the resistant cells. The energy coupling for the CadA system has recently been directly shown to be ATP in experiments on the uptake of radioactive cadmium by everted membrane vesicles (31). The need for CadC for efflux was shown directly in efflux measurements (36).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A second gene in the Staphylococcus aureus cadA cadmium resistance determinant of plasmid pI258

Yoon

Silver

1991

J Bacteriol

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Two open reading frames on a 3.7-kb BgII-XbaI fragment which encodes the Staphylococcus aureus cadA cadmium (and zinc) resistance determinant of plasmid pI258 were identified (G. Nucifora, L. Chu, T. K.Misra, and S. Silver, Proc. Nati. Acad. Sci. USA 86:3544-3548, 1989). The [35S]methionine-labelled protein products of the 727-amino-acid CadA ATPase and of the 122-amino-acid CadC polypeptide in Escherichia coli were identified by using the T7 RNA polymerase-promoter expression system. A truncated CadA polypeptide (402 amino acids) did not confer resistance in S. aureus but was expressed in E. coli under control of the T7 RNA polymerase-promoter. Removal of 678 nucleotides from the 5' end of the published sequence (which includes the cadA promoter) abolished resistance to cadmium, whereas a 146-nucleotide-shorter deletion was without effect. The cadC gene is needed in addition to cadA for full resistance to cadmium in S. aureus and Bacillus subtilis. cadC functions both in cis and in trans.Bacterial cells have plasmid-determined mechanisms for resistances to antimicrobial substances including toxic heavy metals. The mechanisms and molecular genetics of heavy metal resistances in a wide range of bacteria have been studied extensively (for reviews, see references 24, 25, 27, and 30). Hg2+ is reduced by the enzyme mercuric reductase to Hg°, which volatilizes. For As043-7 As02-, Cd2+, Co2+, Ni2+, and Zn2+ resistances, plasmid-governed systems of membrane proteins pump toxic ions out of the cells (10,15,24,30,32).A 3.7-kb DNA fragment containing the cadA cadmium resistance determinant of Staphylococcus aureus plasmid pI258 was sequenced, and it contains two open reading frames (ORFs) (13). The product of the longer ORF shows strong sequence homology with the P class of ATPases (14,20,21,26,27), such as the Escherichia coli KdpB polypeptide (5, 34). These highly conserved ATPases, which are found in all living cells from bacteria to humans (2,14,20,26), were previously called E1E2 ATPases because they are found in two conformational forms during the ATPase transport cycle.Given the existence of two ORFs, there arose the questions of what the role of the second ORF was and of whether it was needed for resistance to the toxic cations Cd2+ and Zn2+, much as the KdpA and KdpC polypeptides are needed for function of the KdpB ATPase in K+ uptake (5, 34). An alternative possibility for the role of the second ORF in gene regulation was eliminated by experiments described in the accompanying paper (36). The results presented here establish that the second ORF is required for full Cd2+ and Zn2+ resistance. Therefore, the short ORF of Nucifora et al. (13) has been renamed cadC (cadB has been used for a second, quite separate Cd2+ and Zn2+ resistance system found on plasmids, including pII147 [11,22,28]).

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A second gene in the Staphylococcus aureus cadA cadmium resistance determinant of plasmid pI258

Yoon

Silver

1991

J Bacteriol

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“…Adaptive tolerance has been explored mainly in bacteria. It usually relies on the presence of plasmid-encoded e ux systems (Tsai et al, 1992;Silver, 1996;Silver and Phung, 1996), or on metal reductase activity (Cervantes and Silver, 1992;Misra, 1992). The mechanisms of tolerance in plants and fungi are largely unknown.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic engineering in the improvement of plants for phytoremediation of metal polluted soils

Kärenlampi¹,

Schat²,

Vangronsveld³

et al. 2000

Environmental Pollution

226

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“…For instance, the two PIB-type ATPases present in humans are Cu ϩ transporters, and mutations in these proteins are responsible for Menkes' and Wilson's disease (13)(14)(15)(16). Although a detailed enzymatic characterization of PIB-type ATPases has not been performed, the formation of the phosphorylated intermediate and transport properties have been explored for some members of this family (17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22). Based on hydrophobicity analysis, most PIB-type ATPases appear to have eight TMs (Fig.…”

Section: P-type Atpases Transport a Variety Of Ions (Hmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of a Thermophilic P-type Ag+/Cu+-ATPase from the ExtremophileArchaeoglobus fulgidus

Mandal

Cheung²,

Argüello

2002

Journal of Biological Chemistry

123

192

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The thermophilic, sulfur metabolizing Archaeoglobus fulgidus contains two genes, AF0473 and AF0152, encoding for PIB-type heavy metal transport ATPases. In this study, we describe the cloning, heterologous expression, purification, and functional characterization of one of these ATPases, CopA (NCB accession number AAB90763), encoded by AF0473. 50 ‫؍‬ 24 M). This is the first Ag ؉ /Cu ؉ -ATPase expressed and purified in a functional form. Thus, it provides a model for structurefunctional studies of these transporters. Moreover, its characterization will also contribute to an understanding of thermophilic ion transporters.

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ATP-dependent cadmium transport by the cadA cadmium resistance determinant in everted membrane vesicles of Bacillus subtilis

Cited by 96 publications

References 28 publications

A second gene in the Staphylococcus aureus cadA cadmium resistance determinant of plasmid pI258

A second gene in the Staphylococcus aureus cadA cadmium resistance determinant of plasmid pI258

Genetic engineering in the improvement of plants for phytoremediation of metal polluted soils

Characterization of a Thermophilic P-type Ag+/Cu+-ATPase from the ExtremophileArchaeoglobus fulgidus

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