Atraumatic Clostridial Myonecrosis in an Immunocompromised Host

Thompson, Kristine M.; Kruse, Brian; Hedges, Mary S.

doi:10.1016/j.jemermed.2018.01.036

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Low sample size and the design as a retrospective analysis must be identified as limitations of this study. Iin screening the literature, multiple reports of single cases can be found [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] , whereas larger case series in the post-war period are scarce; Chen et al report on five patients and McGuinness et al on approximately 10 patients 69,70 . Considering that most physicians only see one patient with NSTI throughout their whole career 34 , the sample size has to be put in perspective.…”

Section: Limitations Of This Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, clostridial GG oftentimes shows an even more dramatic course, with increased mortality. In searching the literature, most often only case reports or series with small numbers of patients can be found [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24] ; to the best of our knowledge, none of them focus on differences between GG and other necrotizing soft tissue infections. As an immediate diagnosis and surgery is the only way to save the patient's life, attention must be focused on clinical symptoms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clostridial Gas Gangrene ‐ A Rare but Deadly Infection: Case series and Comparison to Other Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infections

Leiblein

Wagner

Adam

et al. 2020

Orthopaedic Surgery

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Objective: Clostridial gas gangrene (GG) or clostridial myonecrosis is a very rare but life-threatening necrotizing soft tissue infection (NSTI) caused by anaerobic, spore-forming, and gas-producing clostridium subspecies. It is the most rapidly spreading and lethal infection in humans, also affecting muscle tissue. The high mortality, of up to 100%, in clostridial GG is mediated by potent bacterial exotoxins. Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is an important differential diagnosis, most often caused by group A streptococci, primarily not affecting musculature but the subcutaneous tissue and fascia. In the early stages of the infection, it is difficult to distinguish between GG and NF. Therefore, we compare both infection types, identify relevant differences in initial clinical presentation and later course, and present the results of our patients in a retrospective review. Methods: Patients diagnosed with GG from 2008 to 2018 in our level one trauma center were identified. Their charts were reviewed retrospectively and data analyzed in terms of demographic information, microbiological and histological results, therapeutic course, outcome, and mortality rates. The laboratory risk indicator for NF (LRINEC) score was applied on the first blood work acquired. Results were compared to those of a second group diagnosed with NF. Results: Five patients with GG and nine patients with NF were included in the present study. Patients with GG had a mortality rate of 80% compared to 0% in patients with NF. In eight patients with NF, affected limbs could be salvaged; one NF underwent amputation. LRINEC did not show significant differences between the groups; however, C-reactive protein was significantly increased (P = 0.009) and hemoglobin (Hb) was significantly decreased (P = 0.02) in patients with GG. Interleukin-6 and procalcitonin levels did not show significant difference. Patients with GG were older (70.2 vs 50 years). Of the isolated bacteria, 86% were sensitive to the initial calculated antibiotic treatment with ampicillin-sulbactam or imipenem plus metronidazole plus clindamycin. Conclusion: Both GG and NF need full-scale surgical, antibiotic, and intensive care treatment, especially within the first days. Among patients with NSTI, those with clostridial GG have a significantly increased mortality risk due to early septic shock caused by clostridial toxins. In the initial stages, clinical differences are hardly detectable. Immediate surgical debridement is the key to successful therapy for NSTI and needs to be performed as early as possible. However, patients should be treated in a center with an experienced interdisciplinary intensive care team based on a predetermined treatment plan.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Limitations Of This Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clostridial Gas Gangrene ‐ A Rare but Deadly Infection: Case series and Comparison to Other Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infections

Leiblein

Wagner

Adam

et al. 2020

Orthopaedic Surgery

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“…The early clinical features may be deceptive as in our patient’s case and may show only gas in soft tissue, subtle hemodynamic changes. The overt skin findings of tissue necrosis may not happen until multiorgan failure has set in [ 2 ]. Hence, having a high index of suspicion, especially in the setting of suspected colonic malignancy is required for diagnosis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Clostridium perfringens and Clostridium septicum are well known members of this family to cause these necrotizing infections. Whereas Clostridium perfringens often causes trauma associated, Clostridium septicum infections are usually spread hematogenously and can cause fatal spontaneous gas gangrene without associated trauma and have a unique association with colon cancer [ 1 , 2 ]. Clostridium septicum possesses several unique characteristics which enables it to cause this clinical syndrome.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapidly progressive and fatal distant spontaneous gas gangrene due to Clostridium septicum after biopsy of malignant cecal mass

Sivasubramanian

2021

IDCases

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Clostridium species are known to cause myonecrosis and gas gangrene which are often fatal infections in the setting of trauma but also spontaneously in certain populations such as colorectal malignancy, immunosuppression, and neutropenia. We report a case of an 83-year-old male who developed fatal and rapidly progressive gas gangrene due to Clostridium septicum within 48 h after biopsy of suspected malignant cecal mass. To our knowledge, such a drastic, rapid and fatal presentation after a diagnostic biopsy of malignant mass has not been previously reported and is something to be watchful for in suspected colon cancer cases.

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Distant myonecrosis by atraumatic Clostridium septicum infection in a patient with metastatic breast cancer

Gray

Padilla

Sparks

et al. 2020

IDCases

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Atraumatic Clostridial Myonecrosis in an Immunocompromised Host

Cited by 8 publications

References 7 publications

Clostridial Gas Gangrene ‐ A Rare but Deadly Infection: Case series and Comparison to Other Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infections

Clostridial Gas Gangrene ‐ A Rare but Deadly Infection: Case series and Comparison to Other Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infections

Rapidly progressive and fatal distant spontaneous gas gangrene due to Clostridium septicum after biopsy of malignant cecal mass

Distant myonecrosis by atraumatic Clostridium septicum infection in a patient with metastatic breast cancer

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