Atrazine-Induced Ultrastructural Changes of Barnyardgrass Chloroplasts

Hill, E. R.; Putala, E. C.; Vengris, Jonas

doi:10.1017/s0043174500047433

Cited by 24 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…These results confirm the observations by Ashton et al (1963) on kidney bean (C3 plant) and Hill et al (1968) on barnyardgrass (C 4 plant). Both these species have chloroplasts similar to the mesophyll chloroplasts of maize (C4) and are characterized by an extensive intergranal fret system.…”

Section: Mesophyll Chloroplasts Of Treated Plantssupporting

confidence: 91%

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Ultrastructural changes in the leaves ofZea maysL. plants treated with atrazine

Malan¹,

Visser

Venter

1985

South African Journal of Plant and Soil

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Veinal chlorosis was induced in the lower leaves of young maize plants following treatment with atrazine (2·chloro·4·ethylamino·6· isopropylamino·s·triazine). An ultrastructural investigation in· dicated that mesophyll chloroplasts, consisting of grana, thylakoids and stroma showed severe disintegration. The seem· ingly unaffected bundle sheath chloroplasts with stroma, thylakoids and sometimes a few rudimentary grana which nor· mally only show PS I activity, appeared to transform to mesophyll·type chloroplasts with formation of small granal stacks. The mesophyll chloroplasts became more spherical and various ultrastructural changes became visible. The thylakoid system was destroyed, the granal compartments became swollen and the double·layered membrane broke down, leading to disintegration of the chloroplast. Atrazine had little effect on the bundle sheath chloroplasts except in a few cases where the chloroplast membrane exhibited swellings. At rates of 6 ppm atrazine, or prolonged treatment with 3 ppm atrazine, bundle sheath chloroplasts were' devoid of starch granules. S. Afr. J. Plant Soil 1985, 2: 27 -30 Behandeling van jong mielieplante met atrasien (2·chloro-4·etiel· amino-6·isopropielamino·s·triasien) het die induksie van chlorose op die are van die onderste blare tot gevolg gehad. 'n Ultrastruk· turele ondersoek het aangetoon dat daar 'n disintegrering van die mesofielchloroplaste, wat bestaan uit granums, tilako"iede en stroma, voorgekom het. Die oenskynlik normale vaatbondel· skedechloroplaste wat bestaan uit stroma, tilako"iede en soms rudimentere granums en wat normaalweg slegs fotosisteem·1 ak· tiwiteit vertoon, gaan skynbaar oor na 'n mesofiel·tipe chloro· plast met die vorming van klein granumbondeltjies. Mesofiel· chloroplaste het 'n sferiese vorm aangeneem en verskeie ultra· strukturele veranderings was sigbaar. Die tilako"iedsisteem is ver· nietig, granumkompartemente het opgeswel en die dubbelmem· braan het gebreek wat tot die disintegrering van die chloroplaste gelei het. Oor die algemeen het die vaatbondelskedechloro· plaste normaal vertoon behalwe in enkele gevalle waar die chlo· roplaslT!embraan geswolle was. Styselkorrels was afwesig in bondelskedechloroplaste van mielieplante wat met 6 dpm atra· sien, of oor 'n lang tydperk met 3 dpm atrasien behandel is. S.·A fro Tydskr. Plant Grond 1985, 2: 27 -30

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Section: Mesophyll Chloroplasts Of Treated Plantssupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Subsequent leaves usually develop normally. The ultrastructure of kidney bean and barnyardgrass chloroplasts has been described by Ashton et al (1963) and Hill et al (1968). Mesophyll-type chloroplasts in maize plants are similar in structure to those of barnyardgrass as described by the above-mentioned authors.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 72%

Ultrastructural changes in the leaves ofZea maysL. plants treated with atrazine

Malan¹,

Visser

Venter

1985

South African Journal of Plant and Soil

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“…Effects on chloroplasts similar to those described here may be caused by environmental factois such as the movement of plants from darkness to light, and by zinc deficiency (Weier et al, 1963). Hill, Putala & Venegris (1968) also observed that leaf mineral deficiency could modify grana and fretwork structure in chloroplasts. In this study, chloroplasts and cell membranes of control tissues were unaffected by environmental conditions and the results described for Tordon 50D-and Tordon 22K-trcatcd tissues were permanent and due solely to herbicide treatment.…”

Section: Diseussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Ultrastructural changes in leaf and needle segments treated with herbicides containing picloram

Ayling

1976

Weed Research

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Summary: The herbicide Tordon 50D (picloram+2,4‐D) affected the integrity of the nucleus and cell membranes in Pinus radiata needle segments and caused the swelling of internal chloro plast membranes and the eventual disintegration of the chloroplasts. Tordon 22K (picloram) only affected chloro plast structure. Both herbicides had similar adverse effects on cell membranes and chloroplasts of Eucalyptus viminalis.

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“…Starch was not found in the chloroplasts of any of the plants, which indicated either an altered photosynthesis or the utilization of carbohydrates. Absence of starch has been reported by Ashton et al (1963) and Hill et al (1968) in plants treated with atrazine. Geronimo and Herr (1970) reported the disappearance of starch from tobacco chloroplasts after pyroclor treatment, Anderson and Schaelling (1970) with pyrazon, and Meier and Lichtenthaler (1981) with bentazon.…”

Section: Umrastnicturementioning

confidence: 90%

The effect of isoproturon on root growth and ultrastructure of the photosynthetic apparatus of two wheat cultivars and a weed

Felipe

Pozuelo

Lucas

et al. 1986

Physiologia Plantarum

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The effect of isoproturon [N,N‐dimethyl N′4‐(1‐methyl‐ethyl) phenyl urea] on the germination, growth of root and ultrastructure of the photosynthetic apparatus was investigated in two wheat cultivars (Triticum sativum L. cvs Castan and Esquilache) and a weed (Lolium rigidum Gaud.). No inhibition of germination was apparent in any of the three plants studied. The inhibition of root growth was considerably significant, especially in cv. Esquilache. After 48 h treatment with isoproturon (340 μM), the chloroplasts of the two wheat cultivars were found to be similar, showing a higher number of grana with fewer thylakoids per granum (lower stacking degree), broader grana stacks than in the control and an absence of starch. However, after 60 h of treatment, swelling of the thylakoids occurred in the Esquilache cultivar. The rye grass was the most affected by the herbicide; at low concentration (3.4 μM) the number and size of the grana decreased considerably and the stroma thylakoids were destroyed. At higher concentration (17 μM), there was a strong accumulation in certain areas of the stroma of a substance with a lipid‐like appearance, probably derived from the disintegrating thylakoids. At the same concentrations some chloroplast envelopes were completely desintegrated. The Hill reaction of the three plants exhibited a similar sensitivity towards the herbicide.

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Atrazine-Induced Ultrastructural Changes of Barnyardgrass Chloroplasts

Cited by 24 publications

References 15 publications

Ultrastructural changes in the leaves ofZea maysL. plants treated with atrazine

Ultrastructural changes in the leaves ofZea maysL. plants treated with atrazine

Ultrastructural changes in leaf and needle segments treated with herbicides containing picloram

The effect of isoproturon on root growth and ultrastructure of the photosynthetic apparatus of two wheat cultivars and a weed

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