Atrazine Remediation in Wetland Microcosms

Runes, Heather B.; Bottomley, Peter J.; Lerch, Robert N.; Jenkins, Jeffrey J.

doi:10.1897/1551-5028(2001)020<1059:ariwm>2.0.co;2

Cited by 6 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…In mesocosms planted with rice cutgrass [ Leersia oryzoides (L.) Sw.] and broad‐leaf cattails ( Typha latifolia L.), Moore et al (2017) reported greater atrazine removal (51 ± 6.1% and 53 ± 1.9%, respectively) compared with unvegetated controls (28 ± 17%). Runes et al (2001) noted wetland microcosms, via sorption and degradation, were able to reduce atrazine concentrations in the water column. Runes et al (2003) also reported constructed wetlands were able to mitigate 16 to 24% of atrazine associated with nursery irrigation runoff.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expanding Wetland Mitigation: Can Rice Fields Remediate Pesticides in Agricultural Runoff?

2018

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Pesticides are responsible for nearly 1900 water quality impairments in the United States. Impacts of pesticide runoff on aquatic ecosystems can be mitigated by implementing management practices such as constructed wetlands, grass buffers, and vegetated ditches. A new practice currently being examined is the use of rice (Oryza sativa L.) fields for phytoremediation of pesticide‐contaminated water. Rice is cultivated on every continent except Antarctica and is the staple food crop of 20% of the world's population. Four flooded 244‐m2 fields (two planted with rice, two left bare) were amended with a mixture of atrazine (C8H14ClN5), diazinon (C12H21N2O3PS), and permethrin (C21H20Cl2O3) during a one‐time simulated storm event, and pesticide concentrations and loads were monitored in water, sediment, and plant samples. The experiment was repeated the following year. Significant differences were noted for mitigation of atrazine and diazinon loads in rice versus bare systems. Overall, atrazine loads in the water of rice systems decreased 85 ± 8% from inflow to outflow, while atrazine loads in the water of bare systems decreased 58 ± 7%. Similar patterns were seen for diazinon (86 ± 4% versus 62 ± 7%), cis‐permethrin (94 ± 2% versus 64 ± 12%), and trans‐permethrin (97 ± 2% versus 67 ± 14%). All three pesticides were found repeatedly sorbed to plant material in the inflow and outflow areas during the first year, while the second year resulted in much less plant‐pesticide contribution to overall mitigation. Further investigation is needed to compare rice's mitigation capacity of different pesticide classes, as well as potential transfer of pesticides to edible seeds. Core Ideas Atrazine and diazinon loads significantly decreased in systems containing rice. Permethrin loads decreased in rice systems but also sorbed to unvegetated sediment. Rice may have the potential to remove pesticides from water column and serve as a food crop.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expanding Wetland Mitigation: Can Rice Fields Remediate Pesticides in Agricultural Runoff?

2018

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“…Common measurements of contaminant fate include partitioning from the water column into sediments, macrophytes, and particulate and dissolved organic material. Although these studies (Ronday et al 1997;Runes et al 2001;Bouldin et al 2004b) provide practical suggestions for BMPs to manage runoff and address water-quality criteria concerns, the array of likely pesticide degradation products is ill defined and costly to measure.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Attributes of these systems that modify runoff include vegetative and sediment interactions, residence time, and spatial distance from point of input (Bouldin et al 2004a). Macrophyte communities act as a sink for runoffassociated pesticides and also increase hydraulic retention time in agricultural receiving systems (Runes et al 2001;Schulz et al 2003). The importance of retention time has been noted for the uptake rates of various pesticides (Lytle & Lytle 2002) and has been illustrated in studies addressing vegetated agricultural drainage ditches and constructed wetland cells (Bouldin et al 2004a(Bouldin et al , 2004bMilam et al 2004).…”

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confidence: 99%

Assessment of Diazinon Toxicity in Sediment and Water of Constructed Wetlands Using Deployed Corbicula fluminea and Laboratory Testing

Bouldin

Farris

Moore

et al. 2007

Arch Environ Contam Toxicol

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Abstract. Constructed wetlands for mitigation of nonpoint agricultural runoff have been assessed for their ability to decrease potential toxicity from associated contaminants. After a simulated runoff event, constructed wetlands positioned in series were used to measure the effects of the organophosphate insecticide diazinon. Water, sediment, and plant samples from five sites were analyzed for diazinon concentrations from 0.5 hours to 26 days; peak concentrations were measured in sediment after 0.5 hours (268.7 lg/ kg) and in water and plant tissue after 3 hours (121.71 lg/L and 300.7 lg/kg, respectively). Cholinesterase activity and changes in shell growth were measured from Corbicula fluminea deployed at corresponding sites. Water collected after 9 hours from all wetland sites contained diazinon concentrations sufficient to cause toxicity to Ceriodaphnia dubia, but not to Pimephales promelas. C. dubia survival was decreased in water sampled through 7 days from the site nearest runoff introduction, whereas C. fluminea deployed at this same site experienced 100% mortality after 26 days. Clams from lower sites survived wetland conditions, but growth and ChE activity were significantly decreased lower than that of clams from a control site. C. dubia exposed to water from these sites continued to have decreased survival throughout the 26-day sampling. Sediment sampled from 48 hours through 14 days at the lowest wetland site decreased the laboratory survival of Chironomus dilutus, and sediment from upper sites elicited an effect only on day 26. Although wetland concentrations of aqueous diazinon were decreased lower than toxic thresholds after 26 days, decreased ChE activity in deployed clams provided evidence of residual diazinon effects to deployed organisms.

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“…In water-sediment systems treated with [ 14 C]atrazine, Mersie et al [29] observed that increased retention of 14 C by sediment coincided with greater detection of HYA. Runes et al [30] reported that HYA was the predominant degradate in the sediment of laboratory wetland microcosm. In this study, sediments were extracted three times with aqueous methanol.…”

Section: Atrazinementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Researchers have reported more rapid hydrolysis of atrazine to hydroxyatrazine in sterilized soil compared to soil-free systems, which suggests that soil catalyzed hydrolysis reactions [34]. Hydroxyatrazine can be formed as a result of photolytic hydrolysis or chemical or biological degradation [21][22][23]; has been found to be a predominant degradate in sediment [30]; is more readily adsorbed to wetland soils and aquifer solids than atrazine [27,28]; and has a greater sorption coefficient than ATR, DIA, or DEA [26][27][28], which suggests the sediment-bound residues would primarily consist of HYA. This is further implied by the results of Lerch et al [31], who reported exhaustive mixed-mode extraction of soil-bound residues from aqueous methanol-extracted atrazine-treated soil, recovered substantial quantities of HYA.…”

Section: Co 2 Was Insignificant (յ01%)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of sediment on the fate of metolachlor and atrazine in surface water

Rice¹,

Anderson²,

Coats³

2004

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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In aquatic environments, pesticides can partition between the dissolved phase and particulate phase depending on the type of suspended sediment present and the physical and chemical properties of the pesticides and water. Particulate matter and sediment can alter the bioavailability of contaminants to organisms and therefore influence their toxicity and availability for microbial degradation. Experiments were conducted to determine the degradation of atrazine (6-chloro-N-ethyl-N′-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) and metolachlor (2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(methooxyprop-2-yl)acetamide) in surface water, and to evaluate the contribution of sediment to their dissipation. Sediment significantly reduced concentrations of atrazine and metolachlor in the surface water as a result of greater degradation, evident by increased quantities of degradates in the surface water, and the partitioning of the herbicide or herbicide degradates in the sediment. First-order 50% dissipation time (DT50) values for atrazine and metolachlor were 42 and 8 d in the surface water-sediment incubation systems, which were almost four times less than the DT50s calculated for the sediment-free systems. The results of this research illustrate the importance of sediment in the fate of pesticides in surface water. Greater comprehension of the role of sediment to sequester or influence degradation of agrichemicals in aquatic systems will provide a better understanding of the bioavailability and potential toxicity of these contaminants to aquatic organisms. RightsWorks produced by employees of the U.S. Government as part of their official duties are not copyrighted within the U.S. The content of this document is not copyrighted. Vol. 23, No. 5, pp. 1145-1155, 2004 Printed in the USA 0730-7268/04 $12.00 ϩ .00 Abstract-In aquatic environments, pesticides can partition between the dissolved phase and particulate phase depending on the type of suspended sediment present and the physical and chemical properties of the pesticides and water. Particulate matter and sediment can alter the bioavailability of contaminants to organisms and therefore influence their toxicity and availability for microbial degradation. Experiments were conducted to determine the degradation of atrazine (6-chloro-N-ethyl-NЈ-(1-methylethyl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine) and metolachlor (2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(methooxyprop-2-yl)acetamide) in surface water, and to evaluate the contribution of sediment to their dissipation. Sediment significantly reduced concentrations of atrazine and metolachlor in the surface water as a result of greater degradation, evident by increased quantities of degradates in the surface water, and the partitioning of the herbicide or herbicide degradates in the sediment. First-order 50% dissipation time (DT50) values for atrazine and metolachlor were 42 and 8 d in the surface water-sediment incubation systems, which were almost four times less than the DT50s calculated for the sediment-free systems. The results of ...

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Atrazine Remediation in Wetland Microcosms

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Expanding Wetland Mitigation: Can Rice Fields Remediate Pesticides in Agricultural Runoff?

Expanding Wetland Mitigation: Can Rice Fields Remediate Pesticides in Agricultural Runoff?

Assessment of Diazinon Toxicity in Sediment and Water of Constructed Wetlands Using Deployed Corbicula fluminea and Laboratory Testing

Effect of sediment on the fate of metolachlor and atrazine in surface water

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