Atrial cardiomyopathy: Current and future imaging methods for assessment of atrial structure and function

Abstract

Changes in atrial size and function have historically been considered a surrogate marker of ventricular dysfunction. However, it is now recognized that atrial cardiomyopathy (ACM) may also occur as a primary myocardial disorder. Emerging evidence that ACM is a major risk factor for atrial fibrillation, heart failure, and thromboembolic stroke, has highlighted the significance of this disorder and the need for better assessment of atrial metrics in clinical practice. Key barriers in this regard include a lack of standardized criteria or hierarchy for the diagnosis of ACM and lack of consensus for the most accurate phenotyping methods. In this article we review existing literature on ACM, with a focus on current and future non-invasive imaging methods for detecting abnormalities of atrial structure and function. We discuss the relative advantages and disadvantages of transthoracic echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging for assessing a range of parameters, including atrial size and contractile function, strain, tissue characteristics, and epicardial adipose tissue. We will also present the potential application of novel imaging methods such as sphericity index and four- or five-dimensional flow.

Prieširdžių Virpėjimo Patogenezės Asociacija Su Antrine Arterine Hipertenzija Dėl Feochromocitomos

“…Prieširdžių plonos sienelės įprastai turi atlaikyti gerokai 221 mažesnį nei 20 mmHg slėgį, todėl yra ypač pažeidžiamos slėgio sukeltos mechaninės įtampos [12]. Makroskopiniame lygmenyje, klinikinėje praktikoje šio proceso požymiai dažniausiai stebimi echokardiografiškai išmatavus padidėjusį kairįjį prieširdį [13].Taigi, arterinė hipertenzija yra viena iš prieširdžių kardiomiopatijos patogenezinių priežasčių.…”