Atrial Volume in a Normal Adult Population by Two-dimensional Echocardiography

EHRA/HRS/APHRS/SOLAECE expert consensus on atrial cardiomyopathies: definition, characterization, and clinical implication

“…[311][312][313][314][315][316] In the absence of MVD, an increase in LA size most commonly reflects increased wall tension as a result of increased LA pressure, [317][318][319][320] as well as impairment in LA function secondary to atrial myopathy. 321,322 A clear relationship exists between an enlarged LA and the incidence of atrial fibrillation and stroke, [323][324][325][326][327][328][329][330][331][332] risk for overall mortality after myocardial infarction, 321,322,333,334 risk for death and hospitalization in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy, [335][336][337][338][339][340][341][342][343][344] and major cardiac events or death in patients with diabetes mellitus. 345 left atrium enlargement is a marker of both the severity and chronicity of diastolic dysfunction and magnitude of LA pressure elevation.…”

Sex-Specific Biatrial Volumetric Measurements Obtained with Use of Multidetector Computed Tomography in Subjects with and without Coronary Artery Disease

“…Right atrial size can vary by sex; however, the American Society of Echocardiography has not recommended separate reference values. In a study of 54 healthy individuals, 16 indexed RA volumes appeared to be slightly smaller in women. No significant difference in RA volume between men and women was found in the control group in that study, implying that the coreference value can be used for RA volume evaluation with use of CTA.…”

“…The investigators suggested that right ASV and right AEF might enable diagnosis and prognosis in patients with CAD. 16 Multidetector computed tomography can be used in volumetric quantification of the atrium on contrast and noncontrast scans. 17 Left atrial measurements should be reported with the MDCT angiographic results, to better evaluate prognosis in high-risk patients.…”

Hypertension and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: a novel predictive role of high sensitivity C-reactive protein in cardioversion and long-term recurrence

“…The biplane and single plane modified Simpson's formula was applied for maximal left atrial volume measurement. 14,15 Images were stored in VHS magnetic tape and two independent observers performed the final estimation of atrial volume off-line. The mean value of three consecutive cardiac cycles was derived as the final atrial volume.…”