ATRIUM: A Radar Target Simulator for Complex Traffic Scenarios

Dallmann, Thomas; Mende, Jens-Kristian; Wald, Stefan

doi:10.1109/icmim.2018.8443515

Cited by 33 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…A new area of research in the modelling community combines the virtual world with real-world hardware components to drive a dedicated HiL testbed for radar sensor stimulation, because they provide the ability to thoroughly test radar sensors under laboratory conditions [ 45 ]. With advances in analog and/or digital millimetre-wave signal processing technology, powerful real-time radar target stimulators have emerged that can accurately stimulate the radar signature of real targets represented by point scatterers.…”

Section: State-of-the-art Radar Sensor Model Classificationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey on Modelling of Automotive Radar Sensors for Virtual Test and Validation of Automated Driving

Magosi

Rosenberger

et al. 2022

Sensors

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Radar sensors were among the first perceptual sensors used for automated driving. Although several other technologies such as lidar, camera, and ultrasonic sensors are available, radar sensors have maintained and will continue to maintain their importance due to their reliability in adverse weather conditions. Virtual methods are being developed for verification and validation of automated driving functions to reduce the time and cost of testing. Due to the complexity of modelling high-frequency wave propagation and signal processing and perception algorithms, sensor models that seek a high degree of accuracy are challenging to simulate. Therefore, a variety of different modelling approaches have been presented in the last two decades. This paper comprehensively summarises the heterogeneous state of the art in radar sensor modelling. Instead of a technology-oriented classification as introduced in previous review articles, we present a classification of how these models can be used in vehicle development by using the V-model originating from software development. Sensor models are divided into operational, functional, technical, and individual models. The application and usability of these models along the development process are summarised in a comprehensive tabular overview, which is intended to support future research and development at the vehicle level and will be continuously updated.

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Section: State-of-the-art Radar Sensor Model Classificationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey on Modelling of Automotive Radar Sensors for Virtual Test and Validation of Automated Driving

Magosi

Rosenberger

et al. 2022

Sensors

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“…Since detailed descriptions of the general working principle of RTS systems can be found extensively in the literature [7], [18], [19], only their fundamental operation shall be explained here. An RuT is placed closely in front of the RTS antenna front ends (FE).…”

Section: Radar Target Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Two-Dimensional Arbitrary Angle of Arrival in Radar Target Simulation

Diewald¹,

Nuß²,

Johannes³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Automotive radar sensors play a key role in the current development of advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS). Their ability to detect objects even under adverse weather conditions makes them indispensable for environmentsensing tasks in autonomous vehicles. Since an operational failure presents a potential risk to human life, thorough and practical validation testing must be performed, requiring an integrative test solution. Radar target simulators (RTS) are capable of performing over-the-air validation tests by generating virtual radar echoes that are perceived as targets by the radar under test (RuT). Since the authenticity and credibility of these targets is based on the accuracy with which they are created, their simulated position must be arbitrarily adjustable. In this work, an existing approach to synthesize virtual radar targets at an arbitrary angle of arrival (AoA) is extended to cover both, the azimuth and elevation domain. The concept is based on the superposition of the returning signals from four neighboring RTS channels. A theoretical model describing the basic principle and its constraints is developed. In addition, a measurement campaign is conducted to verify the practical functionality of the proposed approach.

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“…Radar Target Simulators have recently attracted great attention in research by virtue of their ability to thoroughly test radar sensors under laboratory conditions [17]. An RTS creates virtual radar targets that are to be perceived by the radar under test (RuT).…”

Section: Radar Target Simulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The attenuation of the signal implemented on a digital signal processor (DSP) enables the control of the target's RCS. Alternatively, the recorded samples of a complete traffic scenario measure with a radar sensor can be played back to the RuT in order to stimulate it with artificial targets [17,32]. Furthermore, it has also been shown that the analysis and re-synthesis of the transmitted radar signal can generate a realistic virtual environment for a RuT [33].…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Radar Target Simulation for Vehicle-in-the-Loop Testing

Diewald

Kurz

Kannan³

et al. 2021

Vehicles

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Automotive radar sensors play a vital role in the current development of autonomous driving. Their ability to detect objects even under adverse conditions makes them indispensable for environment-sensing tasks in autonomous vehicles. As their functional operation must be validated in-place, a fully integrated test system is required. Radar Target Simulators (RTS) are capable of executing end-of-line, over-the-air validation tests by looping back a received and afterward modified radar signal and have been incorporated into existing Vehicle-in-the-Loop (ViL) test beds before. However, the currently available ViL test beds and the RTS systems that they consist of lack the ability to generate authentic radar echoes with respect to their complexity. The paper at hand reviews the current development stage of the research as well as commercial ViL and RTS systems. Furthermore, the concept and implementation of a new test setup for the rapid prototyping and validation of ADAS functions is presented. This represents the first-ever integrated radar validation test system to comprise multiple angle-resolved radar target channels, each capable of generating multiple radar echoes. A measurement campaign that supports this claim has been conducted.

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ATRIUM: A Radar Target Simulator for Complex Traffic Scenarios

Cited by 33 publications

References 4 publications

A Survey on Modelling of Automotive Radar Sensors for Virtual Test and Validation of Automated Driving

A Survey on Modelling of Automotive Radar Sensors for Virtual Test and Validation of Automated Driving

Two-Dimensional Arbitrary Angle of Arrival in Radar Target Simulation

Radar Target Simulation for Vehicle-in-the-Loop Testing

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