Atrophy Measurement of the Anterior Commissure and Substantia Innominata with 3T High-Resolution MR Imaging: Does the Measurement Differ for Patients with Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration and Alzheimer Disease and for Healthy Subjects?

Moon, Won-Jin; Kim, H. J.; Ro, Hyo-Lyun; Han, Sul Hee

doi:10.3174/ajnr.a1103

Cited by 24 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The advantages of augmenting brain plasmalogen levels, in addition to normalizing neuronal membrane function, potentially include augmentation of cholinergic neurotransmission 14 and normalization of myelin dysfunction. Decreased myelin volumes in the brain of AD patients are more consistent than atrophy of the substantia innominata (nucleus basalis) 23 and extend even to the optic nerve, which is also enriched in DHA-containing plasmalogens. 24 The structural alterations in the brains of AD patients, as a result of decreased membrane plasmalogens, increased membrane cholesterol and hypomyelination, probably underlie the decline in cognitive function in this complex disease.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Circulating plasmalogen levels and Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale–Cognitive scores in Alzheimer patients

Wood

Mankidy

Ritchie

et al. 2010

jpn

141

125

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59Background: Plasmalogens, which are key structural phospholipids in brain membranes, are decreased in the brain and serum of patients with Alzheimer disease (AD). We performed this pilot study to evaluate the relation between the levels of circulating plasmalogens and Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive (ADAS-Cog) scores in patients with AD. Methods: We evaluated participants' ADAS-Cog scores and serum plasmalogen levels. For the 40 included AD patients with an ADAS-Cog score between 20 and 46, we retested their ADAS-Cog score 1 year later. The levels of docosahexaenoic acid plasmalogen were measured by use of liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Results: We found that the ADAS-Cog score increased significantly in AD patients with circulating plasmalogen levels that were ≤ 75% of that of age-matched controls at entry into the study. There was no change in score among participants with normal serum plasmalogen levels at baseline (> 75%). Limitations: This was a pilot study with 40 patients, and the results require validation in a larger population. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that decreased levels of plasmalogen precursors in the central nervous system correlate with functional decline (as measured by ADAS-Cog scores) in AD patients. The use of both ADAS-Cog and serum plasmalogen data may be a more accurate way of predicting cognitive decline in AD patients, and may be used to decrease the risk of including patients with no cognitive decline in the placebo arm of a drug trial.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Circulating plasmalogen levels and Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale–Cognitive scores in Alzheimer patients

Wood

Mankidy

Ritchie

et al. 2010

jpn

141

125

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“…Cholinergic system changes in FTLD have been the focus of only a few studies so far. Moon et al (2008) measured the thickness of the substantia innominata (SI) on a single coronal section at the level of the anterior commissure as a proxy for atrophy of the nucleus basalis Meynert in patients with FTLD and AD. When compared with findings in age-matched controls, thickness of the (right) SI was significantly reduced in patients with AD but not in the FTLD group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain atrophy in primary progressive aphasia involves the cholinergic basal forebrain and Ayala's nucleus

Teipel

Flatz

Ackl

et al. 2014

Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging

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Primary progressive aphasia (PPA) is characterized by left hemispheric frontotemporal cortical atrophy. Evidence from anatomical studies suggests that the nucleus subputaminalis (NSP), a subnucleus of the cholinergic basal forebrain, may be involved in the pathological process of PPA. Therefore, we studied the pattern of cortical and basal forebrain atrophy in 10 patients with a clinical diagnosis of PPA and 18 healthy age-matched controls using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We determined the cholinergic basal forebrain nuclei according to Mesulam’s nomenclature and the NSP in MRI reference space based on histological sections and the MRI scan of a post-mortem brain in cranio. Using voxel-based analysis, we found left hemispheric cortical atrophy in PPA patients compared with controls, including prefrontal, lateral temporal and medial temporal lobe areas. We detected cholinergic basal forebrain atrophy in left predominant localizations of Ch4p, Ch4am, Ch4al, Ch3 and NSP. For the first time, we have described the pattern of basal forebrain atrophy in PPA and confirmed the involvement of NSP that had been predicted based on theoretical considerations. Our findings may enhance understanding of the role of cholinergic degeneration for the regional specificity of the cortical destruction leading to the syndrome of PPA.

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“…Also, much of the regional change in temporal pole grey matter may not be reflected in anterior callosal change, as many of these fibres traverse the anterior commissure, which conveys fibres for the anterior one third of the temporal cortex [37,38]. In support of this, the anterior commissure shows significant microstructural change and regional thinning in SD [39], and the larger FTLD group [40]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shape Analysis of the Corpus Callosum in Alzheimer's Disease and Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration Subtypes

Walterfang

Lüders

Looi

et al. 2014

JAD

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Morphology of the corpus callosum is a useful biomarker of neuronal loss, as different patterns of cortical atrophy help to distinguish between dementias such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). We used a sophisticated morphometric analysis of the corpus callosum in FTLD subtypes including frontotemporal dementia (FTD) semantic dementia (SD), and progressive non-fluent aphasia (PNFA), and compared them to AD patients and 27 matched controls. FTLD patient subgroups diverged in their callosal morphology profiles, with: FTD patients showing marked widespread differences, PNFA patients with differences largely in the anterior half of the callosum, and SD patients differences in a small segment of the genu. AD patients showed differences in predominantly posterior callosal regions. This study is consistent with our previous findings showing significant cortical and subcortical regional atrophy across FTLD subtypes, and suggests that callosal atrophy patterns differentiate AD from FTLD, and FTLD subtypes.

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Atrophy Measurement of the Anterior Commissure and Substantia Innominata with 3T High-Resolution MR Imaging: Does the Measurement Differ for Patients with Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration and Alzheimer Disease and for Healthy Subjects?

Cited by 24 publications

References 24 publications

Circulating plasmalogen levels and Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale–Cognitive scores in Alzheimer patients

Circulating plasmalogen levels and Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale–Cognitive scores in Alzheimer patients

Brain atrophy in primary progressive aphasia involves the cholinergic basal forebrain and Ayala's nucleus

Shape Analysis of the Corpus Callosum in Alzheimer's Disease and Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration Subtypes

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