Atropine counteracts the depressive-like behaviour elicited by acute exposure to commercial chlorpyrifos in rats

Siqueira, A.A.; Cunha, Alexandre Frinhani; Marques, Graziany Leite Moreira; Felippe, Igor; Minassa, Vítor Sampaio; Gramelich, Thallis Coelho da Silva; Cicilini, Maria Aparecida; Alarcon, T. A.; Pires, Rita Gomes Wanderley; Sampaio, Karla Nívea; Beijamini, Vanessa

doi:10.1016/j.ntt.2018.11.002

Cited by 19 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…Likewise, rats exposed to the organophosphate insecticide chlorpyrifos had decreased hippocampal, striatal and prefrontal cortical AChE activity and plasma butyrylcholinesterase activity. Additionally, exposed rats exhibited depressive-like behaviors which were attenuated with further administration of atropine, an anticholinergic (Siqueira et al, 2019). These findings support the adrenergic-cholinergic balance hypothesis of mania and depression (Janowsky et al, 1972;Risch et al, 1981) which originated from reports of depressive symptoms among psychotic patients treated with a cholinesterase inhibitor (Rowntree et al, 1950) and from case reports of individuals poisoned with cholinesterase inhibitor insecticides, who developed depression symptoms and parasympathetic toxicity (Dagytė et al, 2011;Gershon and Shaw, 1961).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Associations of Acetylcholinesterase Activity with Depression and Anxiety Symptoms among Adolescents Growing Up near Pesticide Spray Sites

Suárez-López¹,

Hood²,

Suárez-Torres³

et al. 2018

ISEE Conference Abstracts

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Background:The cholinergic system has an important role in mood regulation. Cholinesterase inhibitor pesticides (e.g. organophosphates) appear to increase depression and anxiety symptoms in the few existing animal and human studies. Human studies have not described such associations using biomarkers of exposure and studies among children are needed.Methods: Methods: We studied 529 adolescents (ages 11-17y) in agricultural communities in the Ecuadorian Andes (ESPINA study). Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was measured in a finger-stick sample. Anxiety and depression symptoms were assessed using the CDI-2 and MASC-2 (greater scores reflect greater internalizing symptoms). Models adjusted for age, gender, hemoglobin, income among others. Results:The median age was 14.38y and 51% were female. The mean (SD) of the following parameters were: AChE 3.7 U/mL (0.55), depression T-score 53.0 (9.4) and anxiety T-score: 57.6 (9.8). Lower AChE activity (reflecting greater cholinesterase inhibitor exposure) was associated with higher depression symptoms (difference per SD decrease of AChE [β [95% CI:]]: 1.09 [0.02, 2.16]), was stronger among girls (β=1.61) than boys (β=0.69), and among younger (<14.38y, β= 1.61) vs. older children (β=0.57). The associations were strongest among girls <14.38y (β=3.30 [0.54, 6.05], OR for elevated symptoms per SD decrease in AChE= 2. 58 [1.26, 5.27]). No associations were observed with anxiety scores. Analyses of AChE change between 2008 and 2016 concurred with these findings.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Associations of Acetylcholinesterase Activity with Depression and Anxiety Symptoms among Adolescents Growing Up near Pesticide Spray Sites

Suárez-López¹,

Hood²,

Suárez-Torres³

et al. 2018

ISEE Conference Abstracts

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“…Our data collection demonstrated that the most common endpoint assessed in all reviewed papers was behavior perturbations with alterations of the cognitive and learning abilities in Rattus norvegicus . The main changes found were depressive and anxiety‐like behavior in juveniles and adult rats exposed to different routes as intraperitoneal injection or gavage (Silva et al 2017; Siqueira et al 2019).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Toxic Effects of Glyphosate, Chlorpyrifos, Abamectin, and 2,4‐D on Animal Models: A Systematic Review of Brazilian Studies

Disner

Falcão

Andrade‐Barros

et al. 2020

Integr Envir Assess & Manag

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Brazil is a global agricultural commodity producer and the largest consumer of pesticides. Pesticide use in Brazil comprised 549 280 tons in 2018. In the country, soybean, corn, and sugar cane are extensively produced, which are the most pesticides demanding crops. In the last years, the records of new pesticides were the highest in the historical series. They can persist in soil or water, accumulate in organisms, and contaminate workers and the general population through the air, water, or food. This review aimed to gather toxicological data obtained by animal models exposed to 4 pesticides: glyphosate, chlorpyrifos, abamectin, and 2,4‐D. An additional goal was to compose an overview of how this subject has been approached, surveying which research groups are working on this field, where they are located, and relations with pesticides used in those regions. We collected the papers from the platforms PubMed, Scopus, Scielo, and Web of Science, performed in Brazil from 2014 to 2019. After two‐step blind selection using the software Rayyan QCRI by different authors, 67 studies were selected to extract data. We observed that research is more concentrated in the South region, followed by the Southeast and Midwest, with 43%, 32%, and 23% of the studies, respectively. The prevalent institutions are from the states of Rio Grande do Sul, São Paulo, and Goiás. The effects on a variety of biomarkers help predict the potential risks to humans and nontarget organisms. The prevalent animal model was fish (36%). Overall, the main toxic effects evaluated were mortality, abnormalities in the blood cells, developmental abnormalities, and behavior alterations. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2021;17:507–520. © 2020 SETAC

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“…In order to induce subacute toxicity, we followed different protocols [ 49 , 77 , 78 , 79 ] to constitute our own. The animals were divided in four groups (6 rats/each) that received different treatments by oral gavage: G1, deionized water; G2, 200 mg/kg of EamCE [ 19 ]; G3, 14.5 mg/kg (1/10 of LD 50 (145 mg/kg)) of pirimicarb [ 12 , 15 , 80 , 81 ]; and G4, 14.5 mg/kg (1/10 of LD 50 (145 mg/kg)) of pirimicarb + 200 mg/kg of EamCE (the EamCE was administrated 1h before administrating pirimicarb).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pirimicarb Induction of Behavioral Disorders and of Neurological and Reproductive Toxicities in Male Rats: Euphoric and Preventive Effects of Ephedra alata Monjauzeana

et al. 2023

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Carbamate pesticides are a risk to human well-being, and pirimicarb is the most widely employed carbamate insecticide. This ongoing investigation aimed to reveal its toxicity on neurobehavioral and reproductive function. The study was carried out on male Wistar rats by assessment of behavioral changes via experiments, such as the forced swim test and the elevated plus maze; determination of oxidative stress (checking parameters such as catalase activity, etc.); measurement of cortisol and testosterone serum titers, and IL-1β levels in the plasma and brain; and evaluation of histopathological lesions that induced pirimicarb after 28 days of gavage, specifically in the brain and testis. Traces of pirimicarb were analyzed in tissue extracts using LCMS/MS. At the same time, the beneficial and protective effect of EamCE (Ephedra alata monjauzeana Crude Extract) were tested. The outcomes showed considerable anxiety and depressive status, with an evident increase in cortisol and IL-1β titers and an important decrease in oxidative enzymes and testosterone. Significant histological lesions were also recorded. In addition, the LCMS/MS analysis affirmed the accumulation of pirimicarb in organ tissue from rats force-fed with pirimicarb. Conversely, EamCE demonstrated outstanding potential as a preventive treatment, restoring cognitive and physical performance, boosting fertility, enhancing antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities and preserving tissue integrity. We concluded that pirimicarb has critical deleterious impacts on health, affecting the neuroimmune-endocrine axis, and EamCE has a general euphoric and preventive effect.

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Atropine counteracts the depressive-like behaviour elicited by acute exposure to commercial chlorpyrifos in rats

Cited by 19 publications

References 83 publications

Associations of Acetylcholinesterase Activity with Depression and Anxiety Symptoms among Adolescents Growing Up near Pesticide Spray Sites

Associations of Acetylcholinesterase Activity with Depression and Anxiety Symptoms among Adolescents Growing Up near Pesticide Spray Sites

The Toxic Effects of Glyphosate, Chlorpyrifos, Abamectin, and 2,4‐D on Animal Models: A Systematic Review of Brazilian Studies

Pirimicarb Induction of Behavioral Disorders and of Neurological and Reproductive Toxicities in Male Rats: Euphoric and Preventive Effects of Ephedra alata Monjauzeana

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