ATSDR evaluation of potential for human exposure to zinc

Roney, Nickolette; Osier, Mark R; Paikoff, Sari J.; Smith, Cassandra V.; Williams, Malcolm; Rosa, Christopher T. De

doi:10.1177/0748233707083761

Cited by 7 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 228 publications

(342 reference statements)

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“…In most ECs/EHs, zinc concentrations were similar within and between brands and similar also to zinc concentrations in Marlboro Red smoke (ISO and CS). Inhalation of zinc could contribute to metal fume fever, decreased pulmonary function [ 8 , 32 ], chest pains, and coughing, which are symptoms that EC users have reported [ 7 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elements including metals in the atomizer and aerosol of disposable electronic cigarettes and electronic hookahs

et al. 2017

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ObjectiveOur purpose was to quantify 36 inorganic chemical elements in aerosols from disposable electronic cigarettes (ECs) and electronic hookahs (EHs), examine the effect of puffing topography on elements in aerosols, and identify the source of the elements.MethodsThirty-six inorganic chemical elements and their concentrations in EC/EH aerosols were determined using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy, and their source was identified by analyzing disassembled atomizers using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy.ResultsOf 36 elements screened, 35 were detected in EC/EH aerosols, while only 15 were detected in conventional tobacco smoke. Some elements/metals were present in significantly higher concentrations in EC/EH aerosol than in cigarette smoke. Concentrations of particular elements/metals within EC/EH brands were sometimes variable. Aerosols generated at low and high air-flow rates produced the same pattern of elements, although the total element concentration decreased at the higher air flow rate. The relative amount of elements in the first and last 60 puffs was generally different. Silicon was the dominant element in aerosols from all EC/EH brands and in cigarette smoke. The elements appeared to come from the filament (nickel, chromium), thick wire (copper coated with silver), brass clamp (copper, zinc), solder joints (tin, lead), and wick and sheath (silicon, oxygen, calcium, magnesium, aluminum). Lead was identified in the solder and aerosol of two brands of EHs (up to 0.165 μg/10 puffs).ConclusionThese data show that EC/EH aerosols contain a mixture of elements, including heavy metals, with concentrations often significantly higher than in conventional cigarette smoke. While the health effects of inhaling mixtures of heated metals is currently not known, these data will be valuable in future risk assessments involving EC/EH elements/metals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elements including metals in the atomizer and aerosol of disposable electronic cigarettes and electronic hookahs

et al. 2017

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“…According to the toxicological profiles from the US Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), the common ranges for these metals in surface waters are: 5–30 μg/L (ppb) for Pb, <1 μg/L for Cd, and <50 μg/L for Zn. 27–29 Thus, we selected the concentration ranges of 0–1 μM (0–112 ppb) Cd and 0–10 μM (0–650 ppb) Zn in the presence of Pb in two fixed concentrations – 0.5 μM or 1 μM. Since Cd 2+ and Zn 2+ might interfere with Pb 2+ differently, we tested their influences on Pb separately.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We studied Cd and Zn as potential interferences for the ASV determination of Pb, due to the close proximity of their stripping peaks to that of Pb and also due to the common coexistence in real-world samples such as surface waters. According to the toxicological profiles from the U.S. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), the common ranges for these metals in surface waters are 5–30 μg/L (ppb) for Pb, <1 μg/L for Cd, and <50 μg/L for Zn. − Thus, we selected the concentration ranges of 0–1 μM (0–112 ppb) Cd and 0–10 μM (0–650 ppb) Zn in the presence of Pb in two fixed concentrations0.5 or 1 μM. Since Cd and Zn might interfere with Pb differently, we tested their influences on Pb separately.…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Lead with a Copper-Based Electrochemical Sensor

Kang¹,

Pei²,

Rusinek³

et al. 2017

Anal. Chem.

124

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This work demonstrates determination of lead (Pb) in surface water samples using a low-cost copper (Cu)-based electrochemical sensor. Heavy metals require careful monitoring due to their toxicity, yet current methods are too complex or bulky for point-of-care (POC) use. Electrochemistry offers a convenient alternative for metal determination, but the traditional electrodes, such as carbon or gold/platinum, are costly and difficult to microfabricate. Our Cu-based sensor features a low-cost electrode material – copper – that offers simple fabrication and competitive performance in electrochemical detection. For anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV) of Pb, our sensor shows 21 nM (4.4 ppb) limit of detection, resistance to interfering metals such as cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn), and stable response in natural water samples with minimum sample pretreatment. These results suggest this electrochemical sensor is suitable for environmental and potentially biological applications, where accurate and rapid, yet inexpensive on-site monitoring is necessary.

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“…Zinc is an essential metal assimilated within the body by oral ingestion, skin exposure, and inhalation [11]. It supports healthy growth and development and plays a role in enhancing immune function.…”

Section: Metal Neurotoxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%